Hybrid operation for infectious thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms complicated with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy for bladder cancer: A case report

RATIONAL: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) intravesical instillation therapy is a widely used treatment for bladder cancer; however, an infectious aneurysm has been reported as a rare complication. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 76-year-old man who underwent BCG intravesical instillation therapy for bladder cancer presented with prolonged dull back pain for 3 months. DIAGNOSIS: Computed tomography (CT) revealed both thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Follow-up CT at 4 weeks after the initial examination showed rapid enlargement of both aneurysms and typical findings of inflammation. Therefore, he was diagnosed with an impending rupture of infectious aneurysms. INTERVENTIONS: Although open surgical resection of both aneurysms and vascular reconstruction were ideal, these operations were considered highly invasive for the patient. Therefore, a hybrid operation consisting of simultaneous endovascular repair of the thoracic aneurysm and open surgery of the abdominal lesion was performed. OUTCOMES: BCG “Tokyo-172” strain was identified in the resected sample from the aneurysmal wall, and he continued to receive oral antituberculosis drugs for 6 months. No sign of recurrent infection was observed 1 year after the operation. LESSONS: A hybrid operation might be justified as an alternative to the conventional open surgical procedure, especially for patients with infectious aneurysms caused by weak pathogenic bacteria such as, the BCG mycobacteria.