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The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on NK-Cell Cytolytic Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Data on changes in natural killer cell cytolytic activity (NKCA) in response to acute physical exercise are contradictory. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression is to (1) examine the effect of acute physical exercise on NKCA, (2) shed more light...

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Autores principales: Rumpf, Christopher, Proschinger, Sebastian, Schenk, Alexander, Bloch, Wilhelm, Lampit, Amit, Javelle, Florian, Zimmer, Philipp
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7900082/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33398798
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01402-9
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author Rumpf, Christopher
Proschinger, Sebastian
Schenk, Alexander
Bloch, Wilhelm
Lampit, Amit
Javelle, Florian
Zimmer, Philipp
author_facet Rumpf, Christopher
Proschinger, Sebastian
Schenk, Alexander
Bloch, Wilhelm
Lampit, Amit
Javelle, Florian
Zimmer, Philipp
author_sort Rumpf, Christopher
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Data on changes in natural killer cell cytolytic activity (NKCA) in response to acute physical exercise are contradictory. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression is to (1) examine the effect of acute physical exercise on NKCA, (2) shed more light on the moderating factors, and (3) test the assumption of NKCA suppression subsequent to performing sports. METHODS: Two comparisons of NKCA were performed: (1) pre- versus post-exercise and (2) pre-exercise versus recovery. Data were acquired through a systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and SportDiscus. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the effect of acute physical exercise was assessed including a passive control group and reporting NKCA prior to and immediately after the trial, and during the first 2 h of recovery. To better explain between-study heterogeneity, a moderator analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Pooled estimate from 12 studies reporting 18 effect sizes show that NKCA is largely elevated by acute physical exercise (Hedges’ g = 1.02, 95% CI 0.59–1.46, p < 0.01). Meta-regressions reveal that this effect is larger for endurance versus resistance exercise and increases with the intensity of exercise (both p < 0.01), whereas the blood material used in the assay (p = 0.71), and the quantitative change in NK-cell count (R(2) = 0%, p = 0.55) do not play a significant role. Physical exercise does not affect the level of NKCA after the recovery period (g = 0.06, 95% CI − 0.37 to 0.50, p < 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: This work provides solid evidence for elevated NKCA through performing sports which returns to baseline during the first 1–2 h of recovery, but not below the pre-exercise values providing counterevidence to the assumption of temporarily reduced NKCA. Remarkably, the functional change in NKCA exists independently from the quantitative change in NK-cell count. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020134257. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-020-01402-9.
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spelling pubmed-79000822021-03-05 The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on NK-Cell Cytolytic Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Rumpf, Christopher Proschinger, Sebastian Schenk, Alexander Bloch, Wilhelm Lampit, Amit Javelle, Florian Zimmer, Philipp Sports Med Systematic Review BACKGROUND: Data on changes in natural killer cell cytolytic activity (NKCA) in response to acute physical exercise are contradictory. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression is to (1) examine the effect of acute physical exercise on NKCA, (2) shed more light on the moderating factors, and (3) test the assumption of NKCA suppression subsequent to performing sports. METHODS: Two comparisons of NKCA were performed: (1) pre- versus post-exercise and (2) pre-exercise versus recovery. Data were acquired through a systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and SportDiscus. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the effect of acute physical exercise was assessed including a passive control group and reporting NKCA prior to and immediately after the trial, and during the first 2 h of recovery. To better explain between-study heterogeneity, a moderator analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Pooled estimate from 12 studies reporting 18 effect sizes show that NKCA is largely elevated by acute physical exercise (Hedges’ g = 1.02, 95% CI 0.59–1.46, p < 0.01). Meta-regressions reveal that this effect is larger for endurance versus resistance exercise and increases with the intensity of exercise (both p < 0.01), whereas the blood material used in the assay (p = 0.71), and the quantitative change in NK-cell count (R(2) = 0%, p = 0.55) do not play a significant role. Physical exercise does not affect the level of NKCA after the recovery period (g = 0.06, 95% CI − 0.37 to 0.50, p < 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: This work provides solid evidence for elevated NKCA through performing sports which returns to baseline during the first 1–2 h of recovery, but not below the pre-exercise values providing counterevidence to the assumption of temporarily reduced NKCA. Remarkably, the functional change in NKCA exists independently from the quantitative change in NK-cell count. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020134257. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-020-01402-9. Springer International Publishing 2021-01-04 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7900082/ /pubmed/33398798 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01402-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Rumpf, Christopher
Proschinger, Sebastian
Schenk, Alexander
Bloch, Wilhelm
Lampit, Amit
Javelle, Florian
Zimmer, Philipp
The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on NK-Cell Cytolytic Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on NK-Cell Cytolytic Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on NK-Cell Cytolytic Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on NK-Cell Cytolytic Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on NK-Cell Cytolytic Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on NK-Cell Cytolytic Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort effect of acute physical exercise on nk-cell cytolytic activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7900082/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33398798
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01402-9
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