Beyond virology: environmental constraints of the first wave of COVID-19 cases in Italy

Global warming and air pollution affect the transmission pathway and the survival of viruses, altering the human immune system as well. The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically highlights the key roles of climate and air chemistry in viral epidemics. The elongated form of the Italian pen...

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Autores principales: Mulder, Christian, Conti, Erminia, Saccone, Salvatore, Federico, Concetta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021
Materias:
Research Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7900802/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33620687
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12878-x
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author Mulder, Christian
Conti, Erminia
Saccone, Salvatore
Federico, Concetta
author_facet Mulder, Christian
Conti, Erminia
Saccone, Salvatore
Federico, Concetta
author_sort Mulder, Christian
collection PubMed
description Global warming and air pollution affect the transmission pathway and the survival of viruses, altering the human immune system as well. The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically highlights the key roles of climate and air chemistry in viral epidemics. The elongated form of the Italian peninsula and the two major islands (the largest in Europe) is a perfect case study to assess some of these key roles, as the fate of the virus is mirroring the industrialization in the continental part of our country. Fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), geography, and climate explain what is happening in Italy and support cleaner air actions to address efficiently other outbreaks. Besides the environmental factors, future works should also address the genetic difference among individuals to explain the spatial variability of the human response to viral infections.
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spelling pubmed-79008022021-02-23 Beyond virology: environmental constraints of the first wave of COVID-19 cases in Italy Mulder, Christian Conti, Erminia Saccone, Salvatore Federico, Concetta Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article Global warming and air pollution affect the transmission pathway and the survival of viruses, altering the human immune system as well. The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically highlights the key roles of climate and air chemistry in viral epidemics. The elongated form of the Italian peninsula and the two major islands (the largest in Europe) is a perfect case study to assess some of these key roles, as the fate of the virus is mirroring the industrialization in the continental part of our country. Fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), geography, and climate explain what is happening in Italy and support cleaner air actions to address efficiently other outbreaks. Besides the environmental factors, future works should also address the genetic difference among individuals to explain the spatial variability of the human response to viral infections. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-02-23 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7900802/ /pubmed/33620687 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12878-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Mulder, Christian
Conti, Erminia
Saccone, Salvatore
Federico, Concetta
Beyond virology: environmental constraints of the first wave of COVID-19 cases in Italy
title Beyond virology: environmental constraints of the first wave of COVID-19 cases in Italy
title_full Beyond virology: environmental constraints of the first wave of COVID-19 cases in Italy
title_fullStr Beyond virology: environmental constraints of the first wave of COVID-19 cases in Italy
title_full_unstemmed Beyond virology: environmental constraints of the first wave of COVID-19 cases in Italy
title_short Beyond virology: environmental constraints of the first wave of COVID-19 cases in Italy
title_sort beyond virology: environmental constraints of the first wave of covid-19 cases in italy
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7900802/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33620687
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12878-x
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