Psychosoziale Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf Pflegekräfte und Bewohner von Pflegeheimen sowie deren Angehörige – Ein systematisches Review

BACKGROUND: Following the COVID-19 pandemic residents of nursing homes, their visitors and families as well as employees are faced with new challenges. Protective measures have a strong impact on the well-being of all these groups of persons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was carried out for studies investigating the psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for residents, their visitors and families as well as nursing home staff. Results were analyzed by narrative synthesis. RESULTS: A total of 756 studies were screened and 15 studies were included. These studies were conducted between February and June 2020 with participants from 14 countries. Participants reported loneliness, grief and depressive symptoms among residents. Some gave an account of fear as a reaction of residents to social distancing. Residents with cognitive impairment suffered more although there are conflicting reports. The well-being of visitors and friends was compromised and their feeling of loneliness increased. Nursing home personnel reported fear of getting infected and of infecting residents or their own families. Infected workers in the USA expressed anger about a lack of protection. Furthermore, an increase in workload was reported. CONCLUSION: Studies conducted during the first months of the pandemic reported negative consequences for the psychosocial well-being of residents, their visitors and nursing home staff. Individual needs for future support of these groups are distinct and need further evaluation during the on-going pandemic.