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Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study

In some types of meditation, such as mindfulness and Zen, breathing is the focus of attention, whereas during an excessive, short-period of anaerobic exercise, the muscles become the focus of attention. Thus, during both efforts, one’s attention is focused on a certain feature of the body. Both medi...

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Autores principales: Miyashiro, Shun, Yamada, Yurika, Muta, Toshizumi, Ishikawa, Haruyuki, Abe, Tetsuri, Hori, Masashi, Oka, Kotaro, Koshikawa, Fusako, Ito, Etsuro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7901739/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33621250
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247685
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author Miyashiro, Shun
Yamada, Yurika
Muta, Toshizumi
Ishikawa, Haruyuki
Abe, Tetsuri
Hori, Masashi
Oka, Kotaro
Koshikawa, Fusako
Ito, Etsuro
author_facet Miyashiro, Shun
Yamada, Yurika
Muta, Toshizumi
Ishikawa, Haruyuki
Abe, Tetsuri
Hori, Masashi
Oka, Kotaro
Koshikawa, Fusako
Ito, Etsuro
author_sort Miyashiro, Shun
collection PubMed
description In some types of meditation, such as mindfulness and Zen, breathing is the focus of attention, whereas during an excessive, short-period of anaerobic exercise, the muscles become the focus of attention. Thus, during both efforts, one’s attention is focused on a certain feature of the body. Both meditation and exercise generally provide mental refreshment to humans. We hypothesized that the same brain regions are activated by both efforts in humans. To examine this hypothesis, we engaged participants in 3 tasks: meditation, exercise, and a control task. After each task, the participants underwent a 2-back test to concentrate their thoughts, while changes in their blood hemoglobin levels were simultaneously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Seventeen participants (20–24 years of age; 11 men, 6 women) were enrolled. We applied a fast-Fourier transform (FFT) analysis to the NIRS wave data and calculated the correlation coefficients of the FFT data between (1) meditation and control, (2) exercise and control, and (3) meditation and exercise, at the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), brain areas that are generally involved in mental refreshment. A significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the OFC and DLPFC was detected in the meditation and exercise analysis, and signal source analysis confirmed that the NIRS waves spread from the right and left OFC edges (i.e., right and left temples) toward the center. Our results suggest that both meditation and exercise activate the OFC, which is involved in emotional reactions and motivation behavior, resulting in mental refreshment.
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spelling pubmed-79017392021-03-02 Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study Miyashiro, Shun Yamada, Yurika Muta, Toshizumi Ishikawa, Haruyuki Abe, Tetsuri Hori, Masashi Oka, Kotaro Koshikawa, Fusako Ito, Etsuro PLoS One Research Article In some types of meditation, such as mindfulness and Zen, breathing is the focus of attention, whereas during an excessive, short-period of anaerobic exercise, the muscles become the focus of attention. Thus, during both efforts, one’s attention is focused on a certain feature of the body. Both meditation and exercise generally provide mental refreshment to humans. We hypothesized that the same brain regions are activated by both efforts in humans. To examine this hypothesis, we engaged participants in 3 tasks: meditation, exercise, and a control task. After each task, the participants underwent a 2-back test to concentrate their thoughts, while changes in their blood hemoglobin levels were simultaneously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Seventeen participants (20–24 years of age; 11 men, 6 women) were enrolled. We applied a fast-Fourier transform (FFT) analysis to the NIRS wave data and calculated the correlation coefficients of the FFT data between (1) meditation and control, (2) exercise and control, and (3) meditation and exercise, at the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), brain areas that are generally involved in mental refreshment. A significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the OFC and DLPFC was detected in the meditation and exercise analysis, and signal source analysis confirmed that the NIRS waves spread from the right and left OFC edges (i.e., right and left temples) toward the center. Our results suggest that both meditation and exercise activate the OFC, which is involved in emotional reactions and motivation behavior, resulting in mental refreshment. Public Library of Science 2021-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7901739/ /pubmed/33621250 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247685 Text en © 2021 Miyashiro et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Miyashiro, Shun
Yamada, Yurika
Muta, Toshizumi
Ishikawa, Haruyuki
Abe, Tetsuri
Hori, Masashi
Oka, Kotaro
Koshikawa, Fusako
Ito, Etsuro
Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study
title Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study
title_full Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study
title_fullStr Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study
title_full_unstemmed Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study
title_short Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study
title_sort activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: a near-infrared spectroscopy study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7901739/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33621250
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247685
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