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Localization, Gene Expression, and Functions of Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes in Wheat Grain (Triticum aestivum L.)
Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a major role in plant nitrogen metabolism, but the roles of individual GS isoforms in grains are unknown. Here, the localization and expression of individual TaGS isozymes in wheat grain were probed with TaGS isoenzyme-specific antibodies, and the nitrogen metabolism...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7901976/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33633754 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.580405 |
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author | Wei, Yihao Xiong, Shuping Zhang, Zhiyong Meng, Xiaodan Wang, Lulu Zhang, Xiaojiao Yu, Meiqin Yu, Haidong Wang, Xiaochun Ma, Xinming |
author_facet | Wei, Yihao Xiong, Shuping Zhang, Zhiyong Meng, Xiaodan Wang, Lulu Zhang, Xiaojiao Yu, Meiqin Yu, Haidong Wang, Xiaochun Ma, Xinming |
author_sort | Wei, Yihao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a major role in plant nitrogen metabolism, but the roles of individual GS isoforms in grains are unknown. Here, the localization and expression of individual TaGS isozymes in wheat grain were probed with TaGS isoenzyme-specific antibodies, and the nitrogen metabolism of grain during the grain filling stage were investigated. Immunofluorescence revealed that TaGS1;1, TaGS1;3, and TaGS2 were expressed in different regions of the embryo. In grain transporting tissues, TaGS1;2 was localized in vascular bundle; TaGS1;2 and TaGS1;1 were in chalaza and placentochalaza; TaGS1;1 and TaGS1;3 were in endosperm transfer cells; and TaGS1;3 and TaGS2 were in aleurone layer. GS exhibited maximum activity and expression at 8 days after flowering (DAF) with peak glutamine content in grains; from then, [Formula: see text] increased largely from [Formula: see text] reduction, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) aminating activity increased continuously, and the activities of GS and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) decreased, while only TaGS1;3 kept a stable expression in different TaGS isozymes. Hence, GS-GOGAT cycle and GDH play different roles in [Formula: see text] assimilation of grain in different stages of grain development; TaGS1;3, located in aleurone layer and endosperm transfer cells, plays a key role in Gln into endosperm for gluten synthesis. At 30 DAF, grain amino acids are mainly transported from maternal phloem. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7901976 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79019762021-02-24 Localization, Gene Expression, and Functions of Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes in Wheat Grain (Triticum aestivum L.) Wei, Yihao Xiong, Shuping Zhang, Zhiyong Meng, Xiaodan Wang, Lulu Zhang, Xiaojiao Yu, Meiqin Yu, Haidong Wang, Xiaochun Ma, Xinming Front Plant Sci Plant Science Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a major role in plant nitrogen metabolism, but the roles of individual GS isoforms in grains are unknown. Here, the localization and expression of individual TaGS isozymes in wheat grain were probed with TaGS isoenzyme-specific antibodies, and the nitrogen metabolism of grain during the grain filling stage were investigated. Immunofluorescence revealed that TaGS1;1, TaGS1;3, and TaGS2 were expressed in different regions of the embryo. In grain transporting tissues, TaGS1;2 was localized in vascular bundle; TaGS1;2 and TaGS1;1 were in chalaza and placentochalaza; TaGS1;1 and TaGS1;3 were in endosperm transfer cells; and TaGS1;3 and TaGS2 were in aleurone layer. GS exhibited maximum activity and expression at 8 days after flowering (DAF) with peak glutamine content in grains; from then, [Formula: see text] increased largely from [Formula: see text] reduction, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) aminating activity increased continuously, and the activities of GS and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) decreased, while only TaGS1;3 kept a stable expression in different TaGS isozymes. Hence, GS-GOGAT cycle and GDH play different roles in [Formula: see text] assimilation of grain in different stages of grain development; TaGS1;3, located in aleurone layer and endosperm transfer cells, plays a key role in Gln into endosperm for gluten synthesis. At 30 DAF, grain amino acids are mainly transported from maternal phloem. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7901976/ /pubmed/33633754 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.580405 Text en Copyright © 2021 Wei, Xiong, Zhang, Meng, Wang, Zhang, Yu, Yu, Wang and Ma. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Wei, Yihao Xiong, Shuping Zhang, Zhiyong Meng, Xiaodan Wang, Lulu Zhang, Xiaojiao Yu, Meiqin Yu, Haidong Wang, Xiaochun Ma, Xinming Localization, Gene Expression, and Functions of Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes in Wheat Grain (Triticum aestivum L.) |
title | Localization, Gene Expression, and Functions of Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes in Wheat Grain (Triticum aestivum L.) |
title_full | Localization, Gene Expression, and Functions of Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes in Wheat Grain (Triticum aestivum L.) |
title_fullStr | Localization, Gene Expression, and Functions of Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes in Wheat Grain (Triticum aestivum L.) |
title_full_unstemmed | Localization, Gene Expression, and Functions of Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes in Wheat Grain (Triticum aestivum L.) |
title_short | Localization, Gene Expression, and Functions of Glutamine Synthetase Isozymes in Wheat Grain (Triticum aestivum L.) |
title_sort | localization, gene expression, and functions of glutamine synthetase isozymes in wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.) |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7901976/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33633754 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.580405 |
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