Apically Extruded Debris following Programmed Over Instrumentation of Curved Canals with Three Nickel Titanium Rotary Instruments

Objectives This in vitro study aimed to compare the amount of mixed and dried debris extruded with three endodontic NiTi (nickel–titanium) systems at three levels beyond the major apical foramen. The null hypothesis is that there would be no differences between the different rotary systems in terms of apically extruded debris. Materials and Methods Forty-eight roots of human extracted molars with 20 to 40-degrees curvature were divided randomly into three groups ( n = 16) instrumented with ProTaper Next, BT RaCe, and WaveOne Gold, respectively. Instrumentation was performed at the major foramen and over instrumented 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm beyond. Irrigation was performed with sodium hypochlorite. Apically extruded debris was collected. Results Comparison of mixed extruded debris (solution/debris)and dried debris according to group and level of instrumentation showed that WaveOne Gold at the foramen and ProTaper Next beyond the foramen ( p < 0.0001) resulted in significantly less extruded debris than other files and within the four levels using repeated measures analysis of variance ( p < 0.0001b). Conclusions All systems exhibit extruded debris during instrumentation but in different amounts.