Ultrasonic-assisted top-down preparation of NbSe(2) micro/nanoparticles and hybrid material as solid lubricant for sliding electrical contact

2H-NbSe(2) single crystal flake (ca. 2 × 2 × 0.5 mm in size) by chemical vapor transport is employed as the precursor for a top-down preparation of NbSe(2) micro/nanoparticles by two kinds of processes, i.e. (1) mechanical exfoliation; (2) ultrasonic-assisted exfoliation in ethanol without ageing and with ageing for 210 days. NbSe(2) micro/nanoparticles are applied on top of a Cu disk by a drop-casting process and the tribological property in sliding against a Cu pin under sliding electrical contact is investigated at room temperature. Mechanical exfoliation produces NbSe(2) microplatets with typical sizes of 1 μm to 30 μ m with a thickness less than 2 μm. Ultrasonic-assisted exfoliation without aging facilitates the formation of NbSe(2) micro/nanoplatets with sizes of 0.1 μm to 25 μm and nano-whiskers with 100 nm in diameter and 1 ~ 3 μm in length, but Nb(2)O(5) and Se are also found on the basis of XPS results. Prolonged aging of the suspensions modifies the morphology by converting platets and whiskers into corrugated floccules (hybrid material), which are composed of Nb(2)O(5), Se, NbSe(2), and graphene. Notably, NbSe(2) micro/nanoparticles by ultrasonic-assisted exfoliation without ageing exhibit an excellent lubricating property with low friction coefficient (0.3), mild wear, and longer wear lifetime (120 min) than that of mechanical exfoliated NbSe(2) microplatets (10 min). The wear lifetime for the aged NbSe(2) micro/nanoparticles can be as long as 504 min and are 4.2 times of the sample without aging, which can be a good solid lubricant for sliding electrical contact