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A Promising Candidate to Reliably Index Attentional Bias Toward Alcohol Cues–An Adapted Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task

Attentional bias (AB) has been suggested to contribute to the persistence of substance use behavior. However, the empirical evidence for its proposed role in addiction is inconsistent. This might be due to the inability of commonly used measures to differentiate between attentional engagement and at...

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Autores principales: Heitmann, Janika, Jonker, Nienke C., de Jong, Peter J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7902689/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33643163
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630461
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author Heitmann, Janika
Jonker, Nienke C.
de Jong, Peter J.
author_facet Heitmann, Janika
Jonker, Nienke C.
de Jong, Peter J.
author_sort Heitmann, Janika
collection PubMed
description Attentional bias (AB) has been suggested to contribute to the persistence of substance use behavior. However, the empirical evidence for its proposed role in addiction is inconsistent. This might be due to the inability of commonly used measures to differentiate between attentional engagement and attentional disengagement. Attesting to the importance of differentiating between both components of AB, a recent study using the odd-one-out task (OOOT) showed that substance use was differentially related to engagement and disengagement bias. However, the AB measures derived from the OOOT showed insufficient reliability to be used as a solid measure of individual differences. Therefore, the current study aimed to improve the reliability of the AB measures derived from the OOOT by using more distinct contrast stimuli, adding practice trials, increasing the number of trials, and by having participants perform the task in an alcohol-relevant context. We contrasted the original OOOT with the adapted OOOT (i.e., OOOT-adapt) and assessed AB in low- and high-drinking individuals. Participants were 245 undergraduate students who typically tend to drink either low or high amounts of alcohol. In one condition, AB was measured with the original OOOT in a typical laboratory context, whereas in the other condition, AB was measured with the OOOT-adapt in a bar (i.e., alcohol-relevant) context. The OOOT-adapt showed superior internal consistency, especially for the high-drinking group. Further, specifically the OOOT-adapt differentiated between low- and high-drinking participants showing that high drinkers engaged faster with alcohol cues than did low drinkers. Thus, the OOOT-adapt was found to be a promising candidate to reliably index AB in the context of alcohol use. The OOOT-adapt further showed superior criterion validity as it could differentiate between low- and high-drinking individuals, thereby adding to the evidence that AB might be involved in substance use behavior.
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spelling pubmed-79026892021-02-25 A Promising Candidate to Reliably Index Attentional Bias Toward Alcohol Cues–An Adapted Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task Heitmann, Janika Jonker, Nienke C. de Jong, Peter J. Front Psychol Psychology Attentional bias (AB) has been suggested to contribute to the persistence of substance use behavior. However, the empirical evidence for its proposed role in addiction is inconsistent. This might be due to the inability of commonly used measures to differentiate between attentional engagement and attentional disengagement. Attesting to the importance of differentiating between both components of AB, a recent study using the odd-one-out task (OOOT) showed that substance use was differentially related to engagement and disengagement bias. However, the AB measures derived from the OOOT showed insufficient reliability to be used as a solid measure of individual differences. Therefore, the current study aimed to improve the reliability of the AB measures derived from the OOOT by using more distinct contrast stimuli, adding practice trials, increasing the number of trials, and by having participants perform the task in an alcohol-relevant context. We contrasted the original OOOT with the adapted OOOT (i.e., OOOT-adapt) and assessed AB in low- and high-drinking individuals. Participants were 245 undergraduate students who typically tend to drink either low or high amounts of alcohol. In one condition, AB was measured with the original OOOT in a typical laboratory context, whereas in the other condition, AB was measured with the OOOT-adapt in a bar (i.e., alcohol-relevant) context. The OOOT-adapt showed superior internal consistency, especially for the high-drinking group. Further, specifically the OOOT-adapt differentiated between low- and high-drinking participants showing that high drinkers engaged faster with alcohol cues than did low drinkers. Thus, the OOOT-adapt was found to be a promising candidate to reliably index AB in the context of alcohol use. The OOOT-adapt further showed superior criterion validity as it could differentiate between low- and high-drinking individuals, thereby adding to the evidence that AB might be involved in substance use behavior. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7902689/ /pubmed/33643163 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630461 Text en Copyright © 2021 Heitmann, Jonker and de Jong. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Heitmann, Janika
Jonker, Nienke C.
de Jong, Peter J.
A Promising Candidate to Reliably Index Attentional Bias Toward Alcohol Cues–An Adapted Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task
title A Promising Candidate to Reliably Index Attentional Bias Toward Alcohol Cues–An Adapted Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task
title_full A Promising Candidate to Reliably Index Attentional Bias Toward Alcohol Cues–An Adapted Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task
title_fullStr A Promising Candidate to Reliably Index Attentional Bias Toward Alcohol Cues–An Adapted Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task
title_full_unstemmed A Promising Candidate to Reliably Index Attentional Bias Toward Alcohol Cues–An Adapted Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task
title_short A Promising Candidate to Reliably Index Attentional Bias Toward Alcohol Cues–An Adapted Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task
title_sort promising candidate to reliably index attentional bias toward alcohol cues–an adapted odd-one-out visual search task
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7902689/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33643163
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630461
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