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The Protective Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Troxerutin (Vitamin P4) for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: A Mechanistic Review
Troxerutin (TRX), a semi-synthetic bioflavonoid derived from rutin, has been reported to exert several pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and nephroprotective. However, the related molecular details and its mechanisms remain poorly understood. In th...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Bentham Science Publishers
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7903491/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32386493 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X18666200510020744 |
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author | Zamanian, Mohammad Bazmandegan, Gholamreza Sureda, Antoni Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo Yousefi-Manesh, Hasan Shirooie, Samira |
author_facet | Zamanian, Mohammad Bazmandegan, Gholamreza Sureda, Antoni Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo Yousefi-Manesh, Hasan Shirooie, Samira |
author_sort | Zamanian, Mohammad |
collection | PubMed |
description | Troxerutin (TRX), a semi-synthetic bioflavonoid derived from rutin, has been reported to exert several pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and nephroprotective. However, the related molecular details and its mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present review, we presented evidences from the diversity in vitro and in vivo studies on the therapeutic potential of TRX against neurodegenerative, diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases with the purpose to find molecular pathways related to the treatment efficacy. TRX has a beneficial role in many diseases through multiple mechanisms including, increasing antioxidant enzymes and reducing oxidative damage, decreasing in proapoptotic proteins (APAF-1, BAX, caspases-9 and-3) and increasing the antiapoptotic BCL-2, increasing the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and downregulating the nuclear factor κB (NFκ). TRX also reduces acetylcholinesterase activity and upregulates phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway in Alzheimer’s disease models. Natural products such as TRX may develop numerous and intracellular pathways at several steps in the treatment of many diseases. Molecular mechanisms of action are revealing novel, possible combinational beneficial approaches to treat multiple pathological conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7903491 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Bentham Science Publishers |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79034912021-07-01 The Protective Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Troxerutin (Vitamin P4) for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: A Mechanistic Review Zamanian, Mohammad Bazmandegan, Gholamreza Sureda, Antoni Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo Yousefi-Manesh, Hasan Shirooie, Samira Curr Neuropharmacol Article Troxerutin (TRX), a semi-synthetic bioflavonoid derived from rutin, has been reported to exert several pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and nephroprotective. However, the related molecular details and its mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present review, we presented evidences from the diversity in vitro and in vivo studies on the therapeutic potential of TRX against neurodegenerative, diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases with the purpose to find molecular pathways related to the treatment efficacy. TRX has a beneficial role in many diseases through multiple mechanisms including, increasing antioxidant enzymes and reducing oxidative damage, decreasing in proapoptotic proteins (APAF-1, BAX, caspases-9 and-3) and increasing the antiapoptotic BCL-2, increasing the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and downregulating the nuclear factor κB (NFκ). TRX also reduces acetylcholinesterase activity and upregulates phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway in Alzheimer’s disease models. Natural products such as TRX may develop numerous and intracellular pathways at several steps in the treatment of many diseases. Molecular mechanisms of action are revealing novel, possible combinational beneficial approaches to treat multiple pathological conditions. Bentham Science Publishers 2021-01 2021-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7903491/ /pubmed/32386493 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X18666200510020744 Text en © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Article Zamanian, Mohammad Bazmandegan, Gholamreza Sureda, Antoni Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo Yousefi-Manesh, Hasan Shirooie, Samira The Protective Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Troxerutin (Vitamin P4) for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: A Mechanistic Review |
title | The Protective Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Troxerutin (Vitamin P4) for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: A Mechanistic Review |
title_full | The Protective Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Troxerutin (Vitamin P4) for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: A Mechanistic Review |
title_fullStr | The Protective Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Troxerutin (Vitamin P4) for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: A Mechanistic Review |
title_full_unstemmed | The Protective Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Troxerutin (Vitamin P4) for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: A Mechanistic Review |
title_short | The Protective Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Troxerutin (Vitamin P4) for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: A Mechanistic Review |
title_sort | protective roles and molecular mechanisms of troxerutin (vitamin p4) for the treatment of chronic diseases: a mechanistic review |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7903491/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32386493 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X18666200510020744 |
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