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Role of Non-coding RNAs on the Radiotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Application

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) rank as the sixth common and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with an estimated incidence of 600,000 cases and 40–50% mortality rate every year. Radiotherapy is a common local therapeutic modality for HNC mainly through the function of ionizin...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Xixia, Yang, Jing
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7905100/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33644038
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.637435
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author Zhang, Xixia
Yang, Jing
author_facet Zhang, Xixia
Yang, Jing
author_sort Zhang, Xixia
collection PubMed
description Head and neck cancers (HNCs) rank as the sixth common and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with an estimated incidence of 600,000 cases and 40–50% mortality rate every year. Radiotherapy is a common local therapeutic modality for HNC mainly through the function of ionizing radiation, with approximately 60% of patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Although radiotherapy is more advanced and widely used in clinical practice, the 5-year overall survival rates of locally advanced HNCs are still less than 40%. HNC cell resistance to radiotherapy remains one of the major challenges to improve the overall survival in HNC patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are newly discovered functional small RNA molecules that are different from messenger RNAs, which can be translated into a protein. Many previous studies have reported the dysregulation and function of ncRNAs in HNC. Importantly, researchers reported that several ncRNAs were also dysregulated in radiotherapy-sensitive or radiotherapy-resistant HNC tissues compared with the normal cancer tissues. They found that ectopically elevating or knocking down expression of some ncRNAs could significantly influence the response of HNC cancer cells to radiotherapy, indicating that ncRNAs could regulate the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy. The implying mechanism for ncRNAs in regulating radiotherapy sensitivity may be due to its roles on affecting DNA damage sensation, inducing cell cycle arrest, regulating DNA damage repair, modulating cell apoptosis, etc. Additionally, clinical studies reported that in situ ncRNA expression in HNC tissues may predict the response of radiotherapy, and circulating ncRNA from body liquid serves as minimally invasive therapy-responsive and prognostic biomarkers in HNC. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current function and mechanism of ncRNAs in regulating the sensitivity of HNC cancer cells to radiotherapy and comprehensively described the state of the art on the role of ncRNAs in the prognosis prediction, therapy monitoring, and prediction of response to radiotherapy in HNC.
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spelling pubmed-79051002021-02-26 Role of Non-coding RNAs on the Radiotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Application Zhang, Xixia Yang, Jing Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Head and neck cancers (HNCs) rank as the sixth common and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with an estimated incidence of 600,000 cases and 40–50% mortality rate every year. Radiotherapy is a common local therapeutic modality for HNC mainly through the function of ionizing radiation, with approximately 60% of patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Although radiotherapy is more advanced and widely used in clinical practice, the 5-year overall survival rates of locally advanced HNCs are still less than 40%. HNC cell resistance to radiotherapy remains one of the major challenges to improve the overall survival in HNC patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are newly discovered functional small RNA molecules that are different from messenger RNAs, which can be translated into a protein. Many previous studies have reported the dysregulation and function of ncRNAs in HNC. Importantly, researchers reported that several ncRNAs were also dysregulated in radiotherapy-sensitive or radiotherapy-resistant HNC tissues compared with the normal cancer tissues. They found that ectopically elevating or knocking down expression of some ncRNAs could significantly influence the response of HNC cancer cells to radiotherapy, indicating that ncRNAs could regulate the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiotherapy. The implying mechanism for ncRNAs in regulating radiotherapy sensitivity may be due to its roles on affecting DNA damage sensation, inducing cell cycle arrest, regulating DNA damage repair, modulating cell apoptosis, etc. Additionally, clinical studies reported that in situ ncRNA expression in HNC tissues may predict the response of radiotherapy, and circulating ncRNA from body liquid serves as minimally invasive therapy-responsive and prognostic biomarkers in HNC. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current function and mechanism of ncRNAs in regulating the sensitivity of HNC cancer cells to radiotherapy and comprehensively described the state of the art on the role of ncRNAs in the prognosis prediction, therapy monitoring, and prediction of response to radiotherapy in HNC. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7905100/ /pubmed/33644038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.637435 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhang and Yang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Zhang, Xixia
Yang, Jing
Role of Non-coding RNAs on the Radiotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Application
title Role of Non-coding RNAs on the Radiotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Application
title_full Role of Non-coding RNAs on the Radiotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Application
title_fullStr Role of Non-coding RNAs on the Radiotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Application
title_full_unstemmed Role of Non-coding RNAs on the Radiotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Application
title_short Role of Non-coding RNAs on the Radiotherapy Sensitivity and Resistance of Head and Neck Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Application
title_sort role of non-coding rnas on the radiotherapy sensitivity and resistance of head and neck cancer: from basic research to clinical application
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7905100/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33644038
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.637435
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