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Biomarkers of Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events—A Comprehensive Review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have substantially improved the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Through blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), negative feedback mechanisms of the immune system are inhibited, potenti...

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Autores principales: Hommes, Josefien W., Verheijden, Rik J., Suijkerbuijk, Karijn P. M., Hamann, Dörte
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7905347/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33643899
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.585311
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author Hommes, Josefien W.
Verheijden, Rik J.
Suijkerbuijk, Karijn P. M.
Hamann, Dörte
author_facet Hommes, Josefien W.
Verheijden, Rik J.
Suijkerbuijk, Karijn P. M.
Hamann, Dörte
author_sort Hommes, Josefien W.
collection PubMed
description Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have substantially improved the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Through blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), negative feedback mechanisms of the immune system are inhibited, potentially resulting in very durable anti-tumor responses. Despite their promise, ICIs can also elicit auto-immune toxicities. These immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can be severe and sometimes even fatal. Therefore, being able to predict severe irAEs in patients would be of added value in clinical decision making. A search was performed using “adverse events”, “immune checkpoint inhibitor”, “biomarker”, and synonyms in PubMed, yielding 3580 search results. After screening title and abstract on the relevance to the review question, statistical significance of reported potential biomarkers, and evaluation of the remaining full papers, 35 articles were included. Five additional reports were obtained by means of citations and by using the similar article function on PubMed. The current knowledge is presented in comprehensive tables summarizing blood-based, immunogenetic and microbial biomarkers predicting irAEs prior to and during ICI therapy. Until now, no single biomarker has proven to be sufficiently predictive for irAE development. Recommendations for further research on this topic are presented.
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spelling pubmed-79053472021-02-26 Biomarkers of Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events—A Comprehensive Review Hommes, Josefien W. Verheijden, Rik J. Suijkerbuijk, Karijn P. M. Hamann, Dörte Front Oncol Oncology Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have substantially improved the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Through blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), negative feedback mechanisms of the immune system are inhibited, potentially resulting in very durable anti-tumor responses. Despite their promise, ICIs can also elicit auto-immune toxicities. These immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can be severe and sometimes even fatal. Therefore, being able to predict severe irAEs in patients would be of added value in clinical decision making. A search was performed using “adverse events”, “immune checkpoint inhibitor”, “biomarker”, and synonyms in PubMed, yielding 3580 search results. After screening title and abstract on the relevance to the review question, statistical significance of reported potential biomarkers, and evaluation of the remaining full papers, 35 articles were included. Five additional reports were obtained by means of citations and by using the similar article function on PubMed. The current knowledge is presented in comprehensive tables summarizing blood-based, immunogenetic and microbial biomarkers predicting irAEs prior to and during ICI therapy. Until now, no single biomarker has proven to be sufficiently predictive for irAE development. Recommendations for further research on this topic are presented. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7905347/ /pubmed/33643899 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.585311 Text en Copyright © 2021 Hommes, Verheijden, Suijkerbuijk and Hamann http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Oncology
Hommes, Josefien W.
Verheijden, Rik J.
Suijkerbuijk, Karijn P. M.
Hamann, Dörte
Biomarkers of Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events—A Comprehensive Review
title Biomarkers of Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events—A Comprehensive Review
title_full Biomarkers of Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events—A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr Biomarkers of Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events—A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed Biomarkers of Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events—A Comprehensive Review
title_short Biomarkers of Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events—A Comprehensive Review
title_sort biomarkers of checkpoint inhibitor induced immune-related adverse events—a comprehensive review
topic Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7905347/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33643899
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.585311
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