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Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight
BACKGROUND: Obesity and physical inactivity are major global public health concerns, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regulation of glucose homeostasis involves cross-talk between the central nervous system, peripheral tissues, and gut microbiota, and is aff...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7905681/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33627179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00241-z |
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author | Heiskanen, Marja A. Honkala, Sanna M. Hentilä, Jaakko Ojala, Ronja Lautamäki, Riikka Koskensalo, Kalle Lietzén, Martin S. Saunavaara, Virva Saunavaara, Jani Helmiö, Mika Löyttyniemi, Eliisa Nummenmaa, Lauri Collado, Maria C. Malm, Tarja Lahti, Leo Pietiläinen, Kirsi H. Kaprio, Jaakko Rinne, Juha O. Hannukainen, Jarna C. |
author_facet | Heiskanen, Marja A. Honkala, Sanna M. Hentilä, Jaakko Ojala, Ronja Lautamäki, Riikka Koskensalo, Kalle Lietzén, Martin S. Saunavaara, Virva Saunavaara, Jani Helmiö, Mika Löyttyniemi, Eliisa Nummenmaa, Lauri Collado, Maria C. Malm, Tarja Lahti, Leo Pietiläinen, Kirsi H. Kaprio, Jaakko Rinne, Juha O. Hannukainen, Jarna C. |
author_sort | Heiskanen, Marja A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Obesity and physical inactivity are major global public health concerns, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regulation of glucose homeostasis involves cross-talk between the central nervous system, peripheral tissues, and gut microbiota, and is affected by genetics. Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS) aims to gain new systems-level understanding of the central metabolism in human body, and how exercise training affects this cross-talk. METHODS: CROSSYS is an exercise training intervention, in which participants are monozygotic twins from pairs discordant for body mass index (BMI) and within a pair at least the other is overweight. Twins are recruited from three population-based longitudinal Finnish twin studies, including twins born in 1983–1987, 1975–1979, and 1945–1958. The participants undergo 6-month-long exercise intervention period, exercising four times a week (including endurance, strength, and high-intensity training). Before and after the exercise intervention, comprehensive measurements are performed in Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland. The measurements include: two positron emission tomography studies (insulin-stimulated whole-body and tissue-specific glucose uptake and neuroinflammation), magnetic resonance imaging (brain morphology and function, quantification of body fat masses and organ volumes), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (quantification of fat within heart, pancreas, liver and tibialis anterior muscle), echocardiography, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies, a neuropsychological test battery as well as biosamples from blood, urine and stool. The participants also perform a maximal exercise capacity test and tests of muscular strength. DISCUSSION: This study addresses the major public health problems related to modern lifestyle, obesity, and physical inactivity. An eminent strength of this project is the possibility to study monozygotic twin pairs that share the genome at the sequence level but are discordant for BMI that is a risk factor for metabolic impairments such as insulin resistance. Thus, this exercise training intervention elucidates the effects of obesity on metabolism and whether regular exercise training is able to reverse obesity-related impairments in metabolism in the absence of the confounding effects of genetic factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03730610. Prospectively registered 5 November 2018. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7905681 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79056812021-02-25 Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight Heiskanen, Marja A. Honkala, Sanna M. Hentilä, Jaakko Ojala, Ronja Lautamäki, Riikka Koskensalo, Kalle Lietzén, Martin S. Saunavaara, Virva Saunavaara, Jani Helmiö, Mika Löyttyniemi, Eliisa Nummenmaa, Lauri Collado, Maria C. Malm, Tarja Lahti, Leo Pietiläinen, Kirsi H. Kaprio, Jaakko Rinne, Juha O. Hannukainen, Jarna C. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil Study Protocol BACKGROUND: Obesity and physical inactivity are major global public health concerns, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regulation of glucose homeostasis involves cross-talk between the central nervous system, peripheral tissues, and gut microbiota, and is affected by genetics. Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS) aims to gain new systems-level understanding of the central metabolism in human body, and how exercise training affects this cross-talk. METHODS: CROSSYS is an exercise training intervention, in which participants are monozygotic twins from pairs discordant for body mass index (BMI) and within a pair at least the other is overweight. Twins are recruited from three population-based longitudinal Finnish twin studies, including twins born in 1983–1987, 1975–1979, and 1945–1958. The participants undergo 6-month-long exercise intervention period, exercising four times a week (including endurance, strength, and high-intensity training). Before and after the exercise intervention, comprehensive measurements are performed in Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland. The measurements include: two positron emission tomography studies (insulin-stimulated whole-body and tissue-specific glucose uptake and neuroinflammation), magnetic resonance imaging (brain morphology and function, quantification of body fat masses and organ volumes), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (quantification of fat within heart, pancreas, liver and tibialis anterior muscle), echocardiography, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies, a neuropsychological test battery as well as biosamples from blood, urine and stool. The participants also perform a maximal exercise capacity test and tests of muscular strength. DISCUSSION: This study addresses the major public health problems related to modern lifestyle, obesity, and physical inactivity. An eminent strength of this project is the possibility to study monozygotic twin pairs that share the genome at the sequence level but are discordant for BMI that is a risk factor for metabolic impairments such as insulin resistance. Thus, this exercise training intervention elucidates the effects of obesity on metabolism and whether regular exercise training is able to reverse obesity-related impairments in metabolism in the absence of the confounding effects of genetic factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03730610. Prospectively registered 5 November 2018. BioMed Central 2021-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7905681/ /pubmed/33627179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00241-z Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Study Protocol Heiskanen, Marja A. Honkala, Sanna M. Hentilä, Jaakko Ojala, Ronja Lautamäki, Riikka Koskensalo, Kalle Lietzén, Martin S. Saunavaara, Virva Saunavaara, Jani Helmiö, Mika Löyttyniemi, Eliisa Nummenmaa, Lauri Collado, Maria C. Malm, Tarja Lahti, Leo Pietiläinen, Kirsi H. Kaprio, Jaakko Rinne, Juha O. Hannukainen, Jarna C. Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
title | Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
title_full | Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
title_fullStr | Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
title_full_unstemmed | Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
title_short | Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
title_sort | systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (crossys). exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
topic | Study Protocol |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7905681/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33627179 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00241-z |
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