Dating the historical old city walls of Songkhla Thailand using thermoluminescence technique

The Old Historical Wall, located in Bo Yang, Songkhla Province, Thailand, is an archaeological icon believed to have been constructed during the reign of Rama III, as indicated in the royal archives, around 1837–1840 CE. However, the recorded age is the result of unofficial documentation. The establishment was based on speculation from circumstantial evidence and local stories. The wall is made of bricks that underwent a heating process before being used for the construction. We therefore propose the use of the thermoluminescence technique for dating the wall. The samples include brick rubble from three excavation sites next to the wall. To determine the age, we estimate the radiation dose rate and the accumulated dose for each sample. The dose rate of the sample is determined using gamma spectroscopy with a high-purity germanium detector. For the accumulated dose, we employ the additive dose method using Co-60 with a dose range of 0–100 Gy. Glow curves are then deconvoluted using the general-order kinetics model. The results yield three superposition glow peaks at three different temperature ranges. Plateau tests are also carried out to find a proper temperature for dating purposes. Comparing the plateau test and the result of deconvolution, we find that the glow curve temperature suitable for dating was within 200–310 °C. The accumulated doses are then evaluated using the area under the curve of the peak temperature. The date is then determined as the ratio between the accumulated dose and the dose rate. The results indicate that the age is approximately 174–192 years, so that the wall was built around 1827–1841 CE, with one standard deviation interval. The duration is in agreement with the recorded age of the wall inscribed in the country's historical archives.