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Biological Control of a Phytosanitary Pest (Thaumatotibia leucotreta): A Case Study
Thaumatotibia leucotreta, known as the false codling moth, is a pest of citrus and other crops in sub-Saharan Africa. As it is endemic to this region and as South Africa exports most of its citrus around the world, T. leucotreta has phytosanitary status for most markets. This means that there is zer...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7908599/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33572807 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031198 |
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author | Moore, Sean D. |
author_facet | Moore, Sean D. |
author_sort | Moore, Sean D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Thaumatotibia leucotreta, known as the false codling moth, is a pest of citrus and other crops in sub-Saharan Africa. As it is endemic to this region and as South Africa exports most of its citrus around the world, T. leucotreta has phytosanitary status for most markets. This means that there is zero tolerance for any infestation with live larvae in the market. Consequently, control measures prior to exporting must be exemplary. Certain markets require a standalone postharvest disinfestation treatment for T. leucotreta. However, the European Union accepts a systems approach, consisting of three measures and numerous components within these measures. Although effective preharvest control measures are important under all circumstances, they are most critical where a standalone postharvest disinfestation treatment is not applied, such as within a systems approach. Conventional wisdom may lead a belief that effective chemical control tools are imperative to achieve this end. However, we demonstrate that it is possible to effectively control T. leucotreta to a level acceptable for a phytosanitary market, using only biological control tools. This includes parasitoids, predators, microbial control, semiochemicals, and sterile insects. Simultaneously, on-farm and environmental safety is improved and compliance with the increasing stringency of chemical residue requirements imposed by markets is achieved. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7908599 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79085992021-02-27 Biological Control of a Phytosanitary Pest (Thaumatotibia leucotreta): A Case Study Moore, Sean D. Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Thaumatotibia leucotreta, known as the false codling moth, is a pest of citrus and other crops in sub-Saharan Africa. As it is endemic to this region and as South Africa exports most of its citrus around the world, T. leucotreta has phytosanitary status for most markets. This means that there is zero tolerance for any infestation with live larvae in the market. Consequently, control measures prior to exporting must be exemplary. Certain markets require a standalone postharvest disinfestation treatment for T. leucotreta. However, the European Union accepts a systems approach, consisting of three measures and numerous components within these measures. Although effective preharvest control measures are important under all circumstances, they are most critical where a standalone postharvest disinfestation treatment is not applied, such as within a systems approach. Conventional wisdom may lead a belief that effective chemical control tools are imperative to achieve this end. However, we demonstrate that it is possible to effectively control T. leucotreta to a level acceptable for a phytosanitary market, using only biological control tools. This includes parasitoids, predators, microbial control, semiochemicals, and sterile insects. Simultaneously, on-farm and environmental safety is improved and compliance with the increasing stringency of chemical residue requirements imposed by markets is achieved. MDPI 2021-01-29 2021-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7908599/ /pubmed/33572807 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031198 Text en © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Moore, Sean D. Biological Control of a Phytosanitary Pest (Thaumatotibia leucotreta): A Case Study |
title | Biological Control of a Phytosanitary Pest (Thaumatotibia leucotreta): A Case Study |
title_full | Biological Control of a Phytosanitary Pest (Thaumatotibia leucotreta): A Case Study |
title_fullStr | Biological Control of a Phytosanitary Pest (Thaumatotibia leucotreta): A Case Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Biological Control of a Phytosanitary Pest (Thaumatotibia leucotreta): A Case Study |
title_short | Biological Control of a Phytosanitary Pest (Thaumatotibia leucotreta): A Case Study |
title_sort | biological control of a phytosanitary pest (thaumatotibia leucotreta): a case study |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7908599/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33572807 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031198 |
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