Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity
Progression from localized to metastatic disease requires cancer cells spreading to distant organs through the bloodstream. Only a small proportion of these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) survives dissemination due to anoikis, shear forces and elimination by the immune system. However, all metastase...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909268/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33498251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020130 |
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author | Badia-Ramentol, Jordi Linares, Jenniffer Gómez-Llonin, Andrea Calon, Alexandre |
author_facet | Badia-Ramentol, Jordi Linares, Jenniffer Gómez-Llonin, Andrea Calon, Alexandre |
author_sort | Badia-Ramentol, Jordi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Progression from localized to metastatic disease requires cancer cells spreading to distant organs through the bloodstream. Only a small proportion of these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) survives dissemination due to anoikis, shear forces and elimination by the immune system. However, all metastases originate from CTCs capable of surviving and extravasating into distant tissue to re-initiate a tumor. Metastasis initiation is not always immediate as disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) may enter a non-dividing state of cell dormancy. Cancer dormancy is a reversible condition that can be maintained for many years without being clinically detectable. Subsequently, late disease relapses are thought to be due to cancer cells ultimately escaping from dormant state. Cancer dormancy is usually associated with minimal residual disease (MRD), where DTCs persist after intended curative therapy. Thus, MRD is commonly regarded as an indicator of poor prognosis in all cancers. In this review, we examine the current understanding of MRD and immunity during cancer progression to metastasis and discuss clinical perspectives for oncology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7909268 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79092682021-02-27 Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity Badia-Ramentol, Jordi Linares, Jenniffer Gómez-Llonin, Andrea Calon, Alexandre Biomolecules Review Progression from localized to metastatic disease requires cancer cells spreading to distant organs through the bloodstream. Only a small proportion of these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) survives dissemination due to anoikis, shear forces and elimination by the immune system. However, all metastases originate from CTCs capable of surviving and extravasating into distant tissue to re-initiate a tumor. Metastasis initiation is not always immediate as disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) may enter a non-dividing state of cell dormancy. Cancer dormancy is a reversible condition that can be maintained for many years without being clinically detectable. Subsequently, late disease relapses are thought to be due to cancer cells ultimately escaping from dormant state. Cancer dormancy is usually associated with minimal residual disease (MRD), where DTCs persist after intended curative therapy. Thus, MRD is commonly regarded as an indicator of poor prognosis in all cancers. In this review, we examine the current understanding of MRD and immunity during cancer progression to metastasis and discuss clinical perspectives for oncology. MDPI 2021-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7909268/ /pubmed/33498251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020130 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Badia-Ramentol, Jordi Linares, Jenniffer Gómez-Llonin, Andrea Calon, Alexandre Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity |
title | Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity |
title_full | Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity |
title_fullStr | Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity |
title_full_unstemmed | Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity |
title_short | Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity |
title_sort | minimal residual disease, metastasis and immunity |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909268/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33498251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020130 |
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