Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity

Progression from localized to metastatic disease requires cancer cells spreading to distant organs through the bloodstream. Only a small proportion of these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) survives dissemination due to anoikis, shear forces and elimination by the immune system. However, all metastase...

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Autores principales: Badia-Ramentol, Jordi, Linares, Jenniffer, Gómez-Llonin, Andrea, Calon, Alexandre
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33498251
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020130
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author Badia-Ramentol, Jordi
Linares, Jenniffer
Gómez-Llonin, Andrea
Calon, Alexandre
author_facet Badia-Ramentol, Jordi
Linares, Jenniffer
Gómez-Llonin, Andrea
Calon, Alexandre
author_sort Badia-Ramentol, Jordi
collection PubMed
description Progression from localized to metastatic disease requires cancer cells spreading to distant organs through the bloodstream. Only a small proportion of these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) survives dissemination due to anoikis, shear forces and elimination by the immune system. However, all metastases originate from CTCs capable of surviving and extravasating into distant tissue to re-initiate a tumor. Metastasis initiation is not always immediate as disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) may enter a non-dividing state of cell dormancy. Cancer dormancy is a reversible condition that can be maintained for many years without being clinically detectable. Subsequently, late disease relapses are thought to be due to cancer cells ultimately escaping from dormant state. Cancer dormancy is usually associated with minimal residual disease (MRD), where DTCs persist after intended curative therapy. Thus, MRD is commonly regarded as an indicator of poor prognosis in all cancers. In this review, we examine the current understanding of MRD and immunity during cancer progression to metastasis and discuss clinical perspectives for oncology.
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spelling pubmed-79092682021-02-27 Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity Badia-Ramentol, Jordi Linares, Jenniffer Gómez-Llonin, Andrea Calon, Alexandre Biomolecules Review Progression from localized to metastatic disease requires cancer cells spreading to distant organs through the bloodstream. Only a small proportion of these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) survives dissemination due to anoikis, shear forces and elimination by the immune system. However, all metastases originate from CTCs capable of surviving and extravasating into distant tissue to re-initiate a tumor. Metastasis initiation is not always immediate as disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) may enter a non-dividing state of cell dormancy. Cancer dormancy is a reversible condition that can be maintained for many years without being clinically detectable. Subsequently, late disease relapses are thought to be due to cancer cells ultimately escaping from dormant state. Cancer dormancy is usually associated with minimal residual disease (MRD), where DTCs persist after intended curative therapy. Thus, MRD is commonly regarded as an indicator of poor prognosis in all cancers. In this review, we examine the current understanding of MRD and immunity during cancer progression to metastasis and discuss clinical perspectives for oncology. MDPI 2021-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7909268/ /pubmed/33498251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020130 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Badia-Ramentol, Jordi
Linares, Jenniffer
Gómez-Llonin, Andrea
Calon, Alexandre
Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity
title Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity
title_full Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity
title_fullStr Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity
title_full_unstemmed Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity
title_short Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity
title_sort minimal residual disease, metastasis and immunity
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33498251
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020130
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