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Species Diversity, Mating Strategy and Pathogenicity of Calonectria Species from Diseased Leaves and Soils in the Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern China

Many Calonectria species are causal agents of diseases on several forestry, agricultural and horticultural crops. Calonectria leaf blight is one of the most important diseases associated with Eucalyptus plantations and nurseries in Asia and South America. Recently, symptoms of leaf rot and leaf blig...

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Autores principales: Wu, WenXia, Chen, ShuaiFei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33498546
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7020073
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author Wu, WenXia
Chen, ShuaiFei
author_facet Wu, WenXia
Chen, ShuaiFei
author_sort Wu, WenXia
collection PubMed
description Many Calonectria species are causal agents of diseases on several forestry, agricultural and horticultural crops. Calonectria leaf blight is one of the most important diseases associated with Eucalyptus plantations and nurseries in Asia and South America. Recently, symptoms of leaf rot and leaf blight caused by Calonectria species were observed in a one-year-old Eucalyptus experimental plantation in GuangXi Province, southern China. To better understand the species diversity, mating strategy and pathogenicity of Calonectria species isolated from diseased tissues and soils, diseased leaves and soils under the trees from ten Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid genotypes were collected. Three hundred and sixty-eight Calonectria isolates were obtained from diseased Eucalyptus leaves and soils under these trees, and 245 representative isolates were selected based on the sampling substrates and Eucalyptus genotypes and identified by DNA sequence analyses based on the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cmdA) and histone H3 (his3) gene regions, as well as a combination of morphological characteristics. These isolates were identified as Calonectria hongkongensis (50.2%), C. pseudoreteaudii (47.4%), C. aconidialis (1.6%), C. reteaudii (0.4%) and C. auriculiformis (0.4%). This is the first report of C. reteaudii and C. auriculiformis occurrence in China. Calonectria pseudoreteaudii was isolated from both Eucalyptus diseased leaves and soils; the other four species were only obtained from soils. MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 gene amplification and mating type assignment results showed that C. pseudoreteaudii is heterothallic and an asexual cycle represents the primary reproductive mode, C. reteaudii and C. auriculiformis are likely to be heterothallic and C. hongkongensis and C. aconidialis are homothallic. Based on the genetic diversity comparisons for C. pseudoreteaudii isolates from diseased leaves and soils, we hypothesize that C. pseudoreteaudii in soils was spread from diseased leaves. Both the mycelia plug and conidia suspension inoculations indicated that all five Calonectria species were pathogenic to the two Eucalyptus genotypes tested and the tolerance of the two genotypes differed. It is necessary to understand the ecological niche and epidemiological characteristics of these Calonectria species and to select disease resistant Eucalyptus genotypes in southern China in the future.
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spelling pubmed-79095552021-02-27 Species Diversity, Mating Strategy and Pathogenicity of Calonectria Species from Diseased Leaves and Soils in the Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern China Wu, WenXia Chen, ShuaiFei J Fungi (Basel) Article Many Calonectria species are causal agents of diseases on several forestry, agricultural and horticultural crops. Calonectria leaf blight is one of the most important diseases associated with Eucalyptus plantations and nurseries in Asia and South America. Recently, symptoms of leaf rot and leaf blight caused by Calonectria species were observed in a one-year-old Eucalyptus experimental plantation in GuangXi Province, southern China. To better understand the species diversity, mating strategy and pathogenicity of Calonectria species isolated from diseased tissues and soils, diseased leaves and soils under the trees from ten Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid genotypes were collected. Three hundred and sixty-eight Calonectria isolates were obtained from diseased Eucalyptus leaves and soils under these trees, and 245 representative isolates were selected based on the sampling substrates and Eucalyptus genotypes and identified by DNA sequence analyses based on the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cmdA) and histone H3 (his3) gene regions, as well as a combination of morphological characteristics. These isolates were identified as Calonectria hongkongensis (50.2%), C. pseudoreteaudii (47.4%), C. aconidialis (1.6%), C. reteaudii (0.4%) and C. auriculiformis (0.4%). This is the first report of C. reteaudii and C. auriculiformis occurrence in China. Calonectria pseudoreteaudii was isolated from both Eucalyptus diseased leaves and soils; the other four species were only obtained from soils. MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 gene amplification and mating type assignment results showed that C. pseudoreteaudii is heterothallic and an asexual cycle represents the primary reproductive mode, C. reteaudii and C. auriculiformis are likely to be heterothallic and C. hongkongensis and C. aconidialis are homothallic. Based on the genetic diversity comparisons for C. pseudoreteaudii isolates from diseased leaves and soils, we hypothesize that C. pseudoreteaudii in soils was spread from diseased leaves. Both the mycelia plug and conidia suspension inoculations indicated that all five Calonectria species were pathogenic to the two Eucalyptus genotypes tested and the tolerance of the two genotypes differed. It is necessary to understand the ecological niche and epidemiological characteristics of these Calonectria species and to select disease resistant Eucalyptus genotypes in southern China in the future. MDPI 2021-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7909555/ /pubmed/33498546 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7020073 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wu, WenXia
Chen, ShuaiFei
Species Diversity, Mating Strategy and Pathogenicity of Calonectria Species from Diseased Leaves and Soils in the Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern China
title Species Diversity, Mating Strategy and Pathogenicity of Calonectria Species from Diseased Leaves and Soils in the Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern China
title_full Species Diversity, Mating Strategy and Pathogenicity of Calonectria Species from Diseased Leaves and Soils in the Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern China
title_fullStr Species Diversity, Mating Strategy and Pathogenicity of Calonectria Species from Diseased Leaves and Soils in the Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern China
title_full_unstemmed Species Diversity, Mating Strategy and Pathogenicity of Calonectria Species from Diseased Leaves and Soils in the Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern China
title_short Species Diversity, Mating Strategy and Pathogenicity of Calonectria Species from Diseased Leaves and Soils in the Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern China
title_sort species diversity, mating strategy and pathogenicity of calonectria species from diseased leaves and soils in the eucalyptus plantation in southern china
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33498546
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7020073
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