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Executive function in individuals with clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention

BACKGROUND: Executive function (EF) is associated with obesity development and self‐management. Individuals who demonstrate or self‐report poorer EF performance tend to have poorer short‐term outcomes in obesity treatment. There may be distinct behavioral self‐management strategies and EF domains re...

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Autores principales: Gowey, Marissa A., Neumeier, William H., Henry, Samantha, Wadley, Virginia G., Phillips, Janice, Hayden, Kathleen M., Espeland, Mark A., Coday, Mace, Lewis, Cora E., Dutton, Gareth R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909588/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33680489
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/osp4.458
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author Gowey, Marissa A.
Neumeier, William H.
Henry, Samantha
Wadley, Virginia G.
Phillips, Janice
Hayden, Kathleen M.
Espeland, Mark A.
Coday, Mace
Lewis, Cora E.
Dutton, Gareth R.
author_facet Gowey, Marissa A.
Neumeier, William H.
Henry, Samantha
Wadley, Virginia G.
Phillips, Janice
Hayden, Kathleen M.
Espeland, Mark A.
Coday, Mace
Lewis, Cora E.
Dutton, Gareth R.
author_sort Gowey, Marissa A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Executive function (EF) is associated with obesity development and self‐management. Individuals who demonstrate or self‐report poorer EF performance tend to have poorer short‐term outcomes in obesity treatment. There may be distinct behavioral self‐management strategies and EF domains related to initial weight loss as compared to weight loss maintenance. OBJECTIVE: To characterize EF in individuals who achieved clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention and examine potential differences in EF between those who maintained versus regained lost weight. METHODS: Participants who previously achieved ≥5% weight loss via lifestyle intervention were included (N = 44). “Maintainers” (n = 16) maintained this minimum level of weight loss for ≥1 year. “Regainers” (n = 28) regained some or all initially lost weight. Performance‐based EF, intelligence quotient, health literacy, depression, anxiety, binge eating, demographics, and medical/weight history were assessed using a cross‐sectional design. Descriptive statistics and age‐, gender‐, education‐adjusted reference ranges were used to characterize EF. Analyses of covariance were conducted to examine EF differences between maintainers and regainers. RESULTS: The sample consisted primarily of females with obesity over age 50. Approximately half self‐identified as African–American. Decision‐making performance was better in maintainers than regainers (p = 0.003, (part)η(2) = 0.19). There were no differences between maintainers and regainers in inhibitory control, verbal fluency, planning/organization, cognitive flexibility, or working memory (ps > 0.05, (part)η(2)s = 0.003–0.07). At least 75% of the sample demonstrated average‐above average EF test performance, indicated by scaled scores ≥13 or t‐scores > 60. CONCLUSIONS: Most individuals with obesity who achieved clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention had average to above average EF. Individuals who maintained (vs. regained) their lost weight performed better on tests of decision‐making.
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spelling pubmed-79095882021-03-05 Executive function in individuals with clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention Gowey, Marissa A. Neumeier, William H. Henry, Samantha Wadley, Virginia G. Phillips, Janice Hayden, Kathleen M. Espeland, Mark A. Coday, Mace Lewis, Cora E. Dutton, Gareth R. Obes Sci Pract Original Articles BACKGROUND: Executive function (EF) is associated with obesity development and self‐management. Individuals who demonstrate or self‐report poorer EF performance tend to have poorer short‐term outcomes in obesity treatment. There may be distinct behavioral self‐management strategies and EF domains related to initial weight loss as compared to weight loss maintenance. OBJECTIVE: To characterize EF in individuals who achieved clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention and examine potential differences in EF between those who maintained versus regained lost weight. METHODS: Participants who previously achieved ≥5% weight loss via lifestyle intervention were included (N = 44). “Maintainers” (n = 16) maintained this minimum level of weight loss for ≥1 year. “Regainers” (n = 28) regained some or all initially lost weight. Performance‐based EF, intelligence quotient, health literacy, depression, anxiety, binge eating, demographics, and medical/weight history were assessed using a cross‐sectional design. Descriptive statistics and age‐, gender‐, education‐adjusted reference ranges were used to characterize EF. Analyses of covariance were conducted to examine EF differences between maintainers and regainers. RESULTS: The sample consisted primarily of females with obesity over age 50. Approximately half self‐identified as African–American. Decision‐making performance was better in maintainers than regainers (p = 0.003, (part)η(2) = 0.19). There were no differences between maintainers and regainers in inhibitory control, verbal fluency, planning/organization, cognitive flexibility, or working memory (ps > 0.05, (part)η(2)s = 0.003–0.07). At least 75% of the sample demonstrated average‐above average EF test performance, indicated by scaled scores ≥13 or t‐scores > 60. CONCLUSIONS: Most individuals with obesity who achieved clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention had average to above average EF. Individuals who maintained (vs. regained) their lost weight performed better on tests of decision‐making. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7909588/ /pubmed/33680489 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/osp4.458 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Obesity Science & Practice published by World Obesity and The Obesity Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Gowey, Marissa A.
Neumeier, William H.
Henry, Samantha
Wadley, Virginia G.
Phillips, Janice
Hayden, Kathleen M.
Espeland, Mark A.
Coday, Mace
Lewis, Cora E.
Dutton, Gareth R.
Executive function in individuals with clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention
title Executive function in individuals with clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention
title_full Executive function in individuals with clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention
title_fullStr Executive function in individuals with clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention
title_full_unstemmed Executive function in individuals with clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention
title_short Executive function in individuals with clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention
title_sort executive function in individuals with clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909588/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33680489
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/osp4.458
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