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Feeding Your Himalayan Expedition: Nutritional Signatures and Body Composition Adaptations of Trekkers and Porters

High-altitude exposure leads to many physiological challenges, such as weight loss and dehydration. However, little attention has been posed to the role of nutrition and ethnic differences. Aiming to fulfill this gap, five Italian trekkers and seven Nepalese porters, all males, recorded their diet i...

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Autores principales: Bondi, Danilo, Aloisi, Anna Maria, Pietrangelo, Tiziana, Piccinelli, Raffaela, Le Donne, Cinzia, Jandova, Tereza, Pieretti, Stefano, Taraborrelli, Mattia, Santangelo, Carmen, Lattanzi, Bruna, Verratti, Vittore
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7911656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33573243
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020460
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author Bondi, Danilo
Aloisi, Anna Maria
Pietrangelo, Tiziana
Piccinelli, Raffaela
Le Donne, Cinzia
Jandova, Tereza
Pieretti, Stefano
Taraborrelli, Mattia
Santangelo, Carmen
Lattanzi, Bruna
Verratti, Vittore
author_facet Bondi, Danilo
Aloisi, Anna Maria
Pietrangelo, Tiziana
Piccinelli, Raffaela
Le Donne, Cinzia
Jandova, Tereza
Pieretti, Stefano
Taraborrelli, Mattia
Santangelo, Carmen
Lattanzi, Bruna
Verratti, Vittore
author_sort Bondi, Danilo
collection PubMed
description High-altitude exposure leads to many physiological challenges, such as weight loss and dehydration. However, little attention has been posed to the role of nutrition and ethnic differences. Aiming to fulfill this gap, five Italian trekkers and seven Nepalese porters, all males, recorded their diet in diaries during a Himalayan expedition (19 days), and the average daily intake of micro and macro-nutrients were calculated. Bioimpedance analysis was performed five times during the trek; muscle ultrasound was performed before and after the expedition, only for the Italians. The Nepalese group consumed a lot of rice and only Italians consumed cheese. Water intake was slightly over 3000 g/d for both groups. Nepalese diet had a higher density of dietary fibre and lower density of riboflavin, vitamins A, K, and B12. Intake of calcium was lower than recommended levels. Body mass index, waist circumference, fat-free mass, and total body water decreased in both groups, whereas resistance (Rz) increased. Italians reactance (Xc) increased at day 9, whereas that of Nepalese occurred at days 5, 9, and 16. The cross-sectional area of the Vastus lateralis was reduced after the expedition. Specific nutritional and food-related risk factors guidance is needed for diverse expedition groups. Loss of muscle mass and balance of fluids both deserve a particular focus as concerns altitude expeditions.
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spelling pubmed-79116562021-02-28 Feeding Your Himalayan Expedition: Nutritional Signatures and Body Composition Adaptations of Trekkers and Porters Bondi, Danilo Aloisi, Anna Maria Pietrangelo, Tiziana Piccinelli, Raffaela Le Donne, Cinzia Jandova, Tereza Pieretti, Stefano Taraborrelli, Mattia Santangelo, Carmen Lattanzi, Bruna Verratti, Vittore Nutrients Article High-altitude exposure leads to many physiological challenges, such as weight loss and dehydration. However, little attention has been posed to the role of nutrition and ethnic differences. Aiming to fulfill this gap, five Italian trekkers and seven Nepalese porters, all males, recorded their diet in diaries during a Himalayan expedition (19 days), and the average daily intake of micro and macro-nutrients were calculated. Bioimpedance analysis was performed five times during the trek; muscle ultrasound was performed before and after the expedition, only for the Italians. The Nepalese group consumed a lot of rice and only Italians consumed cheese. Water intake was slightly over 3000 g/d for both groups. Nepalese diet had a higher density of dietary fibre and lower density of riboflavin, vitamins A, K, and B12. Intake of calcium was lower than recommended levels. Body mass index, waist circumference, fat-free mass, and total body water decreased in both groups, whereas resistance (Rz) increased. Italians reactance (Xc) increased at day 9, whereas that of Nepalese occurred at days 5, 9, and 16. The cross-sectional area of the Vastus lateralis was reduced after the expedition. Specific nutritional and food-related risk factors guidance is needed for diverse expedition groups. Loss of muscle mass and balance of fluids both deserve a particular focus as concerns altitude expeditions. MDPI 2021-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7911656/ /pubmed/33573243 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020460 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bondi, Danilo
Aloisi, Anna Maria
Pietrangelo, Tiziana
Piccinelli, Raffaela
Le Donne, Cinzia
Jandova, Tereza
Pieretti, Stefano
Taraborrelli, Mattia
Santangelo, Carmen
Lattanzi, Bruna
Verratti, Vittore
Feeding Your Himalayan Expedition: Nutritional Signatures and Body Composition Adaptations of Trekkers and Porters
title Feeding Your Himalayan Expedition: Nutritional Signatures and Body Composition Adaptations of Trekkers and Porters
title_full Feeding Your Himalayan Expedition: Nutritional Signatures and Body Composition Adaptations of Trekkers and Porters
title_fullStr Feeding Your Himalayan Expedition: Nutritional Signatures and Body Composition Adaptations of Trekkers and Porters
title_full_unstemmed Feeding Your Himalayan Expedition: Nutritional Signatures and Body Composition Adaptations of Trekkers and Porters
title_short Feeding Your Himalayan Expedition: Nutritional Signatures and Body Composition Adaptations of Trekkers and Porters
title_sort feeding your himalayan expedition: nutritional signatures and body composition adaptations of trekkers and porters
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7911656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33573243
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020460
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