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PARP1 as a Marker of an Aggressive Clinical Phenotype in Cutaneous Melanoma—A Clinical and an In Vitro Study
(1) Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1) (PARP1) is a pleiotropic enzyme involved in several cellular processes, e.g., DNA damage repair, regulation of mitosis, and immune response. Little is known about the role of PARP1 in melanoma development and progression. We aimed to investigate the pro...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7911865/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33572647 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020286 |
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author | Kupczyk, Piotr Simiczyjew, Aleksandra Marczuk, Jakub Dratkiewicz, Ewelina Beberok, Artur Rok, Jakub Pieniazek, Malgorzata Biecek, Przemyslaw Nevozhay, Dmitry Slowikowski, Bartosz Chodaczek, Grzegorz Wrzesniok, Dorota Nowak, Dorota Donizy, Piotr |
author_facet | Kupczyk, Piotr Simiczyjew, Aleksandra Marczuk, Jakub Dratkiewicz, Ewelina Beberok, Artur Rok, Jakub Pieniazek, Malgorzata Biecek, Przemyslaw Nevozhay, Dmitry Slowikowski, Bartosz Chodaczek, Grzegorz Wrzesniok, Dorota Nowak, Dorota Donizy, Piotr |
author_sort | Kupczyk, Piotr |
collection | PubMed |
description | (1) Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1) (PARP1) is a pleiotropic enzyme involved in several cellular processes, e.g., DNA damage repair, regulation of mitosis, and immune response. Little is known about the role of PARP1 in melanoma development and progression. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of PARP1 expression in cutaneous melanoma through evaluation of mRNA and protein levels of PARP1 in normal melanocytes and melanoma cell lines, as well as in patients’ tissue material from surgical resections. (2) Methods: An in vitro model was based on two types of normal human melanocytes (HEMn-DP and HEMn-LP) and four melanoma cell lines (A375, WM1341D, Hs294T, and WM9). PARP1 mRNA gene expression was estimated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), whereas the protein level of PARP1 was evaluated by fluorescence confocal microscopy and then confirmed by Western Blotting analysis. The expression of PARP1 was also assessed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 128 primary cutaneous melanoma patients and correlated with follow-up and clinicopathologic features. (3) Results: The in vitro study showed that melanoma cells exhibited significantly higher PARP1 expression at mRNA and protein levels than normal melanocytes. High PARP1 expression was also associated with the invasiveness of tumor cells. Elevated nuclear PARP1 expression in patients without nodal metastases strongly correlated with significantly shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.0015) and revealed a trend with shorter cancer-specific overall survival (p = 0.05). High PARP1 immunoreactivity in the lymph node-negative group of patients was significantly associated with higher Breslow tumor thickness, presence of ulceration, and a higher mitotic index (p = 0.0016, p = 0.023, and p < 0.001, respectively). In patients with nodal metastases, high PARP1 expression significantly correlated with the presence of microsatellitosis (p = 0.034), but we did not confirm the prognostic significance of PARP1 expression in these patients. In the entire analyzed group of patients (with and without nodal metastases at the time of diagnosis), PARP1 expression was associated with a high mitotic index (p = 0.001) and the presence of ulceration (p = 0.036). Moreover, in patients with elevated PARP1 expression, melanoma was more frequently located in the skin of the head and neck region (p = 0.015). In multivariate analysis, high PARP1 expression was an independent unfavorable prognosticator in lymph node-negative cutaneous melanoma patients. (4) Conclusions: In vitro molecular biology approaches demonstrated enhanced PARP1 expression in cutaneous melanoma. These results were confirmed by the immunohistochemical study with clinical parameter analysis, which showed that a high level of PARP1 correlated with unfavorable clinical outcome. These observations raise the potential role of PARP1 inhibitor-based therapy in cutaneous melanoma. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7911865 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79118652021-02-28 PARP1 as a Marker of an Aggressive Clinical Phenotype in Cutaneous Melanoma—A Clinical and an In Vitro Study Kupczyk, Piotr Simiczyjew, Aleksandra Marczuk, Jakub Dratkiewicz, Ewelina Beberok, Artur Rok, Jakub Pieniazek, Malgorzata Biecek, Przemyslaw Nevozhay, Dmitry Slowikowski, Bartosz Chodaczek, Grzegorz Wrzesniok, Dorota Nowak, Dorota Donizy, Piotr Cells Article (1) Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1) (PARP1) is a pleiotropic enzyme involved in several cellular processes, e.g., DNA damage repair, regulation of mitosis, and immune response. Little is known about the role of PARP1 in melanoma development and progression. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of PARP1 expression in cutaneous melanoma through evaluation of mRNA and protein levels of PARP1 in normal melanocytes and melanoma cell lines, as well as in patients’ tissue material from surgical resections. (2) Methods: An in vitro model was based on two types of normal human melanocytes (HEMn-DP and HEMn-LP) and four melanoma cell lines (A375, WM1341D, Hs294T, and WM9). PARP1 mRNA gene expression was estimated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), whereas the protein level of PARP1 was evaluated by fluorescence confocal microscopy and then confirmed by Western Blotting analysis. The expression of PARP1 was also assessed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 128 primary cutaneous melanoma patients and correlated with follow-up and clinicopathologic features. (3) Results: The in vitro study showed that melanoma cells exhibited significantly higher PARP1 expression at mRNA and protein levels than normal melanocytes. High PARP1 expression was also associated with the invasiveness of tumor cells. Elevated nuclear PARP1 expression in patients without nodal metastases strongly correlated with significantly shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.0015) and revealed a trend with shorter cancer-specific overall survival (p = 0.05). High PARP1 immunoreactivity in the lymph node-negative group of patients was significantly associated with higher Breslow tumor thickness, presence of ulceration, and a higher mitotic index (p = 0.0016, p = 0.023, and p < 0.001, respectively). In patients with nodal metastases, high PARP1 expression significantly correlated with the presence of microsatellitosis (p = 0.034), but we did not confirm the prognostic significance of PARP1 expression in these patients. In the entire analyzed group of patients (with and without nodal metastases at the time of diagnosis), PARP1 expression was associated with a high mitotic index (p = 0.001) and the presence of ulceration (p = 0.036). Moreover, in patients with elevated PARP1 expression, melanoma was more frequently located in the skin of the head and neck region (p = 0.015). In multivariate analysis, high PARP1 expression was an independent unfavorable prognosticator in lymph node-negative cutaneous melanoma patients. (4) Conclusions: In vitro molecular biology approaches demonstrated enhanced PARP1 expression in cutaneous melanoma. These results were confirmed by the immunohistochemical study with clinical parameter analysis, which showed that a high level of PARP1 correlated with unfavorable clinical outcome. These observations raise the potential role of PARP1 inhibitor-based therapy in cutaneous melanoma. MDPI 2021-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7911865/ /pubmed/33572647 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020286 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kupczyk, Piotr Simiczyjew, Aleksandra Marczuk, Jakub Dratkiewicz, Ewelina Beberok, Artur Rok, Jakub Pieniazek, Malgorzata Biecek, Przemyslaw Nevozhay, Dmitry Slowikowski, Bartosz Chodaczek, Grzegorz Wrzesniok, Dorota Nowak, Dorota Donizy, Piotr PARP1 as a Marker of an Aggressive Clinical Phenotype in Cutaneous Melanoma—A Clinical and an In Vitro Study |
title | PARP1 as a Marker of an Aggressive Clinical Phenotype in Cutaneous Melanoma—A Clinical and an In Vitro Study |
title_full | PARP1 as a Marker of an Aggressive Clinical Phenotype in Cutaneous Melanoma—A Clinical and an In Vitro Study |
title_fullStr | PARP1 as a Marker of an Aggressive Clinical Phenotype in Cutaneous Melanoma—A Clinical and an In Vitro Study |
title_full_unstemmed | PARP1 as a Marker of an Aggressive Clinical Phenotype in Cutaneous Melanoma—A Clinical and an In Vitro Study |
title_short | PARP1 as a Marker of an Aggressive Clinical Phenotype in Cutaneous Melanoma—A Clinical and an In Vitro Study |
title_sort | parp1 as a marker of an aggressive clinical phenotype in cutaneous melanoma—a clinical and an in vitro study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7911865/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33572647 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020286 |
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