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Simultaneous Determination of Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Improves Serological Diagnosis of Pertussis

Serological diagnosis of pertussis is mainly based on anti-pertussis toxin (PT) IgG antibodies. Since PT is included in all acellular vaccines (ACV), serological assays do not differentiate antibodies induced by ACVs and infection. Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is not included in the ACVs, which mak...

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Autores principales: Knuutila, Aapo, Barkoff, Alex-Mikael, Mertsola, Jussi, Osicka, Radim, Sebo, Peter, He, Qiushui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7912298/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33513780
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020180
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author Knuutila, Aapo
Barkoff, Alex-Mikael
Mertsola, Jussi
Osicka, Radim
Sebo, Peter
He, Qiushui
author_facet Knuutila, Aapo
Barkoff, Alex-Mikael
Mertsola, Jussi
Osicka, Radim
Sebo, Peter
He, Qiushui
author_sort Knuutila, Aapo
collection PubMed
description Serological diagnosis of pertussis is mainly based on anti-pertussis toxin (PT) IgG antibodies. Since PT is included in all acellular vaccines (ACV), serological assays do not differentiate antibodies induced by ACVs and infection. Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is not included in the ACVs, which makes it a promising candidate for pertussis serology with the specific aim of separating infection- and ACV-induced antibodies. A multiplex lateral flow test with PT and ACT antigens was developed to measure serum antibodies from pertussis-seropositive patients (n = 46), healthy controls (n = 102), and subjects who received a booster dose of ACV containing PT, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin (n = 67) with paired sera collected before and one month after the vaccination. If the diagnosis was solely based on anti-PT antibodies, 98.5–44.8% specificity (before and after vaccination, respectively) and 78.2% sensitivity were achieved, whereas if ACT was used in combination with PT, the sensitivity of the assay increased to 91.3% without compromising specificity. No increase in the level of anti-ACT antibodies was found after vaccination. This exploratory study indicates that the use of ACT for serology would be beneficial in combination with a lower quantitative cutoff for anti-PT antibodies, and particularly in children and adolescents who frequently receive booster vaccinations.
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spelling pubmed-79122982021-02-28 Simultaneous Determination of Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Improves Serological Diagnosis of Pertussis Knuutila, Aapo Barkoff, Alex-Mikael Mertsola, Jussi Osicka, Radim Sebo, Peter He, Qiushui Diagnostics (Basel) Article Serological diagnosis of pertussis is mainly based on anti-pertussis toxin (PT) IgG antibodies. Since PT is included in all acellular vaccines (ACV), serological assays do not differentiate antibodies induced by ACVs and infection. Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is not included in the ACVs, which makes it a promising candidate for pertussis serology with the specific aim of separating infection- and ACV-induced antibodies. A multiplex lateral flow test with PT and ACT antigens was developed to measure serum antibodies from pertussis-seropositive patients (n = 46), healthy controls (n = 102), and subjects who received a booster dose of ACV containing PT, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin (n = 67) with paired sera collected before and one month after the vaccination. If the diagnosis was solely based on anti-PT antibodies, 98.5–44.8% specificity (before and after vaccination, respectively) and 78.2% sensitivity were achieved, whereas if ACT was used in combination with PT, the sensitivity of the assay increased to 91.3% without compromising specificity. No increase in the level of anti-ACT antibodies was found after vaccination. This exploratory study indicates that the use of ACT for serology would be beneficial in combination with a lower quantitative cutoff for anti-PT antibodies, and particularly in children and adolescents who frequently receive booster vaccinations. MDPI 2021-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7912298/ /pubmed/33513780 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020180 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Knuutila, Aapo
Barkoff, Alex-Mikael
Mertsola, Jussi
Osicka, Radim
Sebo, Peter
He, Qiushui
Simultaneous Determination of Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Improves Serological Diagnosis of Pertussis
title Simultaneous Determination of Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Improves Serological Diagnosis of Pertussis
title_full Simultaneous Determination of Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Improves Serological Diagnosis of Pertussis
title_fullStr Simultaneous Determination of Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Improves Serological Diagnosis of Pertussis
title_full_unstemmed Simultaneous Determination of Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Improves Serological Diagnosis of Pertussis
title_short Simultaneous Determination of Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin and Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Improves Serological Diagnosis of Pertussis
title_sort simultaneous determination of antibodies to pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin improves serological diagnosis of pertussis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7912298/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33513780
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020180
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