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Bacteria and Host Interplay in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis and Sepsis
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections are a major healthcare challenge and new treatment alternatives are needed. S. aureus septic arthritis, a debilitating joint disease, causes permanent joint dysfunction in almost 50% of the patients. S. aureus bacteremia is associated with higher mortalit...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913561/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33546401 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020158 |
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author | Jin, Tao Mohammad, Majd Pullerits, Rille Ali, Abukar |
author_facet | Jin, Tao Mohammad, Majd Pullerits, Rille Ali, Abukar |
author_sort | Jin, Tao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections are a major healthcare challenge and new treatment alternatives are needed. S. aureus septic arthritis, a debilitating joint disease, causes permanent joint dysfunction in almost 50% of the patients. S. aureus bacteremia is associated with higher mortalities than bacteremia caused by most other microbes and can develop to severe sepsis and death. The key to new therapies is understanding the interplay between bacterial virulence factors and host immune response, which decides the disease outcome. S. aureus produces numerous virulence factors that facilitate bacterial dissemination, invasion into joint cavity, and cause septic arthritis. Monocytes, activated by several components of S. aureus such as lipoproteins, are responsible for bone destructions. In S. aureus sepsis, cytokine storm induced by S. aureus components leads to the hyperinflammatory status, DIC, multiple organ failure, and later death. The immune suppressive therapies at the very early time point might be protective. However, the timing of treatment is crucial, as late treatment may aggravate the immune paralysis and lead to uncontrolled infection and death. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7913561 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79135612021-02-28 Bacteria and Host Interplay in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis and Sepsis Jin, Tao Mohammad, Majd Pullerits, Rille Ali, Abukar Pathogens Review Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections are a major healthcare challenge and new treatment alternatives are needed. S. aureus septic arthritis, a debilitating joint disease, causes permanent joint dysfunction in almost 50% of the patients. S. aureus bacteremia is associated with higher mortalities than bacteremia caused by most other microbes and can develop to severe sepsis and death. The key to new therapies is understanding the interplay between bacterial virulence factors and host immune response, which decides the disease outcome. S. aureus produces numerous virulence factors that facilitate bacterial dissemination, invasion into joint cavity, and cause septic arthritis. Monocytes, activated by several components of S. aureus such as lipoproteins, are responsible for bone destructions. In S. aureus sepsis, cytokine storm induced by S. aureus components leads to the hyperinflammatory status, DIC, multiple organ failure, and later death. The immune suppressive therapies at the very early time point might be protective. However, the timing of treatment is crucial, as late treatment may aggravate the immune paralysis and lead to uncontrolled infection and death. MDPI 2021-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7913561/ /pubmed/33546401 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020158 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Jin, Tao Mohammad, Majd Pullerits, Rille Ali, Abukar Bacteria and Host Interplay in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis and Sepsis |
title | Bacteria and Host Interplay in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis and Sepsis |
title_full | Bacteria and Host Interplay in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis and Sepsis |
title_fullStr | Bacteria and Host Interplay in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis and Sepsis |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacteria and Host Interplay in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis and Sepsis |
title_short | Bacteria and Host Interplay in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis and Sepsis |
title_sort | bacteria and host interplay in staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis and sepsis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913561/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33546401 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020158 |
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