Cargando…
Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies
Climate change can decrease the global maize productivity and grain quality. Maize crop requires an optimal temperature for better harvest productivity. A suboptimal temperature at any critical stage for a prolonged duration can negatively affect the growth and yield formation processes. This review...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913793/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557079 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020293 |
_version_ | 1783656884571471872 |
---|---|
author | Waqas, Muhammad Ahmed Wang, Xiukang Zafar, Syed Adeel Noor, Mehmood Ali Hussain, Hafiz Athar Azher Nawaz, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad |
author_facet | Waqas, Muhammad Ahmed Wang, Xiukang Zafar, Syed Adeel Noor, Mehmood Ali Hussain, Hafiz Athar Azher Nawaz, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad |
author_sort | Waqas, Muhammad Ahmed |
collection | PubMed |
description | Climate change can decrease the global maize productivity and grain quality. Maize crop requires an optimal temperature for better harvest productivity. A suboptimal temperature at any critical stage for a prolonged duration can negatively affect the growth and yield formation processes. This review discusses the negative impact of temperature extremes (high and low temperatures) on the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and nutritional traits of the maize crop. High temperature stress limits pollen viability and silks receptivity, leading to a significant reduction in seed setting and grain yield. Likewise, severe alterations in growth rate, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, cellular membranes, and antioxidant enzyme activities under low temperature collectively limit maize productivity. We also discussed various strategies with practical examples to cope with temperature stresses, including cultural practices, exogenous protectants, breeding climate-smart crops, and molecular genomics approaches. We reviewed that identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes controlling high- and low temperature stress tolerance in maize could be introgressed into otherwise elite cultivars to develop stress-tolerant cultivars. Genome editing has become a key tool for developing climate-resilient crops. Moreover, challenges to maize crop improvement such as lack of adequate resources for breeding in poor countries, poor communication among the scientists of developing and developed countries, problems in germplasm exchange, and high cost of advanced high-throughput phenotyping systems are discussed. In the end, future perspectives for maize improvement are discussed, which briefly include new breeding technologies such as transgene-free clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)-mediated genome editing for thermo-stress tolerance in maize. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7913793 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79137932021-02-28 Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies Waqas, Muhammad Ahmed Wang, Xiukang Zafar, Syed Adeel Noor, Mehmood Ali Hussain, Hafiz Athar Azher Nawaz, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Plants (Basel) Review Climate change can decrease the global maize productivity and grain quality. Maize crop requires an optimal temperature for better harvest productivity. A suboptimal temperature at any critical stage for a prolonged duration can negatively affect the growth and yield formation processes. This review discusses the negative impact of temperature extremes (high and low temperatures) on the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and nutritional traits of the maize crop. High temperature stress limits pollen viability and silks receptivity, leading to a significant reduction in seed setting and grain yield. Likewise, severe alterations in growth rate, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, cellular membranes, and antioxidant enzyme activities under low temperature collectively limit maize productivity. We also discussed various strategies with practical examples to cope with temperature stresses, including cultural practices, exogenous protectants, breeding climate-smart crops, and molecular genomics approaches. We reviewed that identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes controlling high- and low temperature stress tolerance in maize could be introgressed into otherwise elite cultivars to develop stress-tolerant cultivars. Genome editing has become a key tool for developing climate-resilient crops. Moreover, challenges to maize crop improvement such as lack of adequate resources for breeding in poor countries, poor communication among the scientists of developing and developed countries, problems in germplasm exchange, and high cost of advanced high-throughput phenotyping systems are discussed. In the end, future perspectives for maize improvement are discussed, which briefly include new breeding technologies such as transgene-free clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)-mediated genome editing for thermo-stress tolerance in maize. MDPI 2021-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7913793/ /pubmed/33557079 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020293 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Waqas, Muhammad Ahmed Wang, Xiukang Zafar, Syed Adeel Noor, Mehmood Ali Hussain, Hafiz Athar Azher Nawaz, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies |
title | Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies |
title_full | Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies |
title_fullStr | Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies |
title_full_unstemmed | Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies |
title_short | Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies |
title_sort | thermal stresses in maize: effects and management strategies |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913793/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33557079 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020293 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT waqasmuhammadahmed thermalstressesinmaizeeffectsandmanagementstrategies AT wangxiukang thermalstressesinmaizeeffectsandmanagementstrategies AT zafarsyedadeel thermalstressesinmaizeeffectsandmanagementstrategies AT noormehmoodali thermalstressesinmaizeeffectsandmanagementstrategies AT hussainhafizathar thermalstressesinmaizeeffectsandmanagementstrategies AT azhernawazmuhammad thermalstressesinmaizeeffectsandmanagementstrategies AT farooqmuhammad thermalstressesinmaizeeffectsandmanagementstrategies |