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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is an emerging viral respiratory pathogen. The disease was first described in China in 2019, likely emerging as a zoonosis, before spreading worldwide to cause a severe global pandemic in 2020. COVID-19 is transmitted person to person, predominantly by droplet spread....
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7914020/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102723-3.00139-6 |
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author | Marks, Michael O’Hara, Geraldine Houlihan, Catherine Bell, Lucy Heightman, Melissa Hart, Nicholas |
author_facet | Marks, Michael O’Hara, Geraldine Houlihan, Catherine Bell, Lucy Heightman, Melissa Hart, Nicholas |
author_sort | Marks, Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is an emerging viral respiratory pathogen. The disease was first described in China in 2019, likely emerging as a zoonosis, before spreading worldwide to cause a severe global pandemic in 2020. COVID-19 is transmitted person to person, predominantly by droplet spread. COVID-19 causes a wide spectrum of clinical illness ranging from asymptomatic infection, to a mild self-limiting illness. A small proportion of individuals will go on to develop a more severe respiratory illness which may be complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome. The majority of individuals will make a full recovery but a minority of patients will have a more severe outcome. Age is the strongest predictor of outcomes with mortality increasing to 15% or higher among those aged 80 years or older. Treatment options for COVID-19 continue to evolve. The strongest current evidence is the use of systemic corticosteroids which reduce mortality in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Given the epidemic nature of COVID-19 early surge planning and expansion of both staff and bed base capacity are critical. At the time of writing a number of promising COVID-19 vaccines have been developed but the long term impact of these vaccines on the pandemic is uncertain. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7914020 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79140202021-03-01 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Marks, Michael O’Hara, Geraldine Houlihan, Catherine Bell, Lucy Heightman, Melissa Hart, Nicholas Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine Article COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is an emerging viral respiratory pathogen. The disease was first described in China in 2019, likely emerging as a zoonosis, before spreading worldwide to cause a severe global pandemic in 2020. COVID-19 is transmitted person to person, predominantly by droplet spread. COVID-19 causes a wide spectrum of clinical illness ranging from asymptomatic infection, to a mild self-limiting illness. A small proportion of individuals will go on to develop a more severe respiratory illness which may be complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome. The majority of individuals will make a full recovery but a minority of patients will have a more severe outcome. Age is the strongest predictor of outcomes with mortality increasing to 15% or higher among those aged 80 years or older. Treatment options for COVID-19 continue to evolve. The strongest current evidence is the use of systemic corticosteroids which reduce mortality in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Given the epidemic nature of COVID-19 early surge planning and expansion of both staff and bed base capacity are critical. At the time of writing a number of promising COVID-19 vaccines have been developed but the long term impact of these vaccines on the pandemic is uncertain. 2022 2021-09-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7914020/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102723-3.00139-6 Text en Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Marks, Michael O’Hara, Geraldine Houlihan, Catherine Bell, Lucy Heightman, Melissa Hart, Nicholas Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 |
title | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 |
title_full | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 |
title_fullStr | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 |
title_full_unstemmed | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 |
title_short | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 |
title_sort | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7914020/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102723-3.00139-6 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT marksmichael severeacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2 AT oharageraldine severeacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2 AT houlihancatherine severeacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2 AT belllucy severeacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2 AT heightmanmelissa severeacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2 AT hartnicholas severeacuterespiratorysyndromecoronavirus2 |