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author Krauth, Julian J.
Schuhmann, Karsten
Ahmed, Marwan Abdou
Amaro, Fernando D.
Amaro, Pedro
Biraben, François
Chen, Tzu-Ling
Covita, Daniel S.
Dax, Andreas J.
Diepold, Marc
Fernandes, Luis M. P.
Franke, Beatrice
Galtier, Sandrine
Gouvea, Andrea L.
Götzfried, Johannes
Graf, Thomas
Hänsch, Theodor W.
Hartmann, Jens
Hildebrandt, Malte
Indelicato, Paul
Julien, Lucile
Kirch, Klaus
Knecht, Andreas
Liu, Yi-Wei
Machado, Jorge
Monteiro, Cristina M. B.
Mulhauser, Françoise
Naar, Boris
Nebel, Tobias
Nez, François
dos Santos, Joaquim M. F.
Santos, José Paulo
Szabo, Csilla I.
Taqqu, David
Veloso, João F. C. A.
Vogelsang, Jan
Voss, Andreas
Weichelt, Birgit
Pohl, Randolf
Antognini, Aldo
Kottmann, Franz
author_facet Krauth, Julian J.
Schuhmann, Karsten
Ahmed, Marwan Abdou
Amaro, Fernando D.
Amaro, Pedro
Biraben, François
Chen, Tzu-Ling
Covita, Daniel S.
Dax, Andreas J.
Diepold, Marc
Fernandes, Luis M. P.
Franke, Beatrice
Galtier, Sandrine
Gouvea, Andrea L.
Götzfried, Johannes
Graf, Thomas
Hänsch, Theodor W.
Hartmann, Jens
Hildebrandt, Malte
Indelicato, Paul
Julien, Lucile
Kirch, Klaus
Knecht, Andreas
Liu, Yi-Wei
Machado, Jorge
Monteiro, Cristina M. B.
Mulhauser, Françoise
Naar, Boris
Nebel, Tobias
Nez, François
dos Santos, Joaquim M. F.
Santos, José Paulo
Szabo, Csilla I.
Taqqu, David
Veloso, João F. C. A.
Vogelsang, Jan
Voss, Andreas
Weichelt, Birgit
Pohl, Randolf
Antognini, Aldo
Kottmann, Franz
author_sort Krauth, Julian J.
collection PubMed
description The energy levels of hydrogen-like atomic systems can be calculated with great precision. Starting from their quantum mechanical solution, they have been refined over the years to include the electron spin, the relativistic and quantum field effects, and tiny energy shifts related to the complex structure of the nucleus. These energy shifts caused by the nuclear structure are vastly magnified in hydrogen-like systems formed by a negative muon and a nucleus, so spectroscopy of these muonic ions can be used to investigate the nuclear structure with high precision. Here we present the measurement of two 2S–2P transitions in the muonic helium-4 ion that yields a precise determination of the root-mean-square charge radius of the α particle of 1.67824(83) femtometres. This determination from atomic spectroscopy is in excellent agreement with the value from electron scattering(1), but a factor of 4.8 more precise, providing a benchmark for few-nucleon theories, lattice quantum chromodynamics and electron scattering. This agreement also constrains several beyond-standard-model theories proposed to explain the proton-radius puzzle(2–5), in line with recent determinations of the proton charge radius(6–9), and establishes spectroscopy of light muonic atoms and ions as a precise tool for studies of nuclear properties.
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spelling pubmed-79141242021-03-15 Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions Krauth, Julian J. Schuhmann, Karsten Ahmed, Marwan Abdou Amaro, Fernando D. Amaro, Pedro Biraben, François Chen, Tzu-Ling Covita, Daniel S. Dax, Andreas J. Diepold, Marc Fernandes, Luis M. P. Franke, Beatrice Galtier, Sandrine Gouvea, Andrea L. Götzfried, Johannes Graf, Thomas Hänsch, Theodor W. Hartmann, Jens Hildebrandt, Malte Indelicato, Paul Julien, Lucile Kirch, Klaus Knecht, Andreas Liu, Yi-Wei Machado, Jorge Monteiro, Cristina M. B. Mulhauser, Françoise Naar, Boris Nebel, Tobias Nez, François dos Santos, Joaquim M. F. Santos, José Paulo Szabo, Csilla I. Taqqu, David Veloso, João F. C. A. Vogelsang, Jan Voss, Andreas Weichelt, Birgit Pohl, Randolf Antognini, Aldo Kottmann, Franz Nature Article The energy levels of hydrogen-like atomic systems can be calculated with great precision. Starting from their quantum mechanical solution, they have been refined over the years to include the electron spin, the relativistic and quantum field effects, and tiny energy shifts related to the complex structure of the nucleus. These energy shifts caused by the nuclear structure are vastly magnified in hydrogen-like systems formed by a negative muon and a nucleus, so spectroscopy of these muonic ions can be used to investigate the nuclear structure with high precision. Here we present the measurement of two 2S–2P transitions in the muonic helium-4 ion that yields a precise determination of the root-mean-square charge radius of the α particle of 1.67824(83) femtometres. This determination from atomic spectroscopy is in excellent agreement with the value from electron scattering(1), but a factor of 4.8 more precise, providing a benchmark for few-nucleon theories, lattice quantum chromodynamics and electron scattering. This agreement also constrains several beyond-standard-model theories proposed to explain the proton-radius puzzle(2–5), in line with recent determinations of the proton charge radius(6–9), and establishes spectroscopy of light muonic atoms and ions as a precise tool for studies of nuclear properties. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-01-27 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7914124/ /pubmed/33505036 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03183-1 Text en © The Authors(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Krauth, Julian J.
Schuhmann, Karsten
Ahmed, Marwan Abdou
Amaro, Fernando D.
Amaro, Pedro
Biraben, François
Chen, Tzu-Ling
Covita, Daniel S.
Dax, Andreas J.
Diepold, Marc
Fernandes, Luis M. P.
Franke, Beatrice
Galtier, Sandrine
Gouvea, Andrea L.
Götzfried, Johannes
Graf, Thomas
Hänsch, Theodor W.
Hartmann, Jens
Hildebrandt, Malte
Indelicato, Paul
Julien, Lucile
Kirch, Klaus
Knecht, Andreas
Liu, Yi-Wei
Machado, Jorge
Monteiro, Cristina M. B.
Mulhauser, Françoise
Naar, Boris
Nebel, Tobias
Nez, François
dos Santos, Joaquim M. F.
Santos, José Paulo
Szabo, Csilla I.
Taqqu, David
Veloso, João F. C. A.
Vogelsang, Jan
Voss, Andreas
Weichelt, Birgit
Pohl, Randolf
Antognini, Aldo
Kottmann, Franz
Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions
title Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions
title_full Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions
title_fullStr Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions
title_full_unstemmed Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions
title_short Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions
title_sort measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7914124/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33505036
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03183-1
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