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Development of Sham Yoga Poses to Assess the Benefits of Yoga in Future Randomized Controlled Trial Studies

Background: Although research has demonstrated the benefits of yoga to people who have been diagnosed with diabetes or at risk of diabetes, studies have not confirmed these effects can be ascribed to the specific features of the traditional postures, called asanas. Instead, the effects of asanas cou...

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Autores principales: Ramamoorthi, Ramya, Gahreman, Daniel, Skinner, Timothy, Moss, Simon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7915153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33562301
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020130
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author Ramamoorthi, Ramya
Gahreman, Daniel
Skinner, Timothy
Moss, Simon
author_facet Ramamoorthi, Ramya
Gahreman, Daniel
Skinner, Timothy
Moss, Simon
author_sort Ramamoorthi, Ramya
collection PubMed
description Background: Although research has demonstrated the benefits of yoga to people who have been diagnosed with diabetes or at risk of diabetes, studies have not confirmed these effects can be ascribed to the specific features of the traditional postures, called asanas. Instead, the effects of asanas could be ascribed to the increase in cardiovascular activity and expenditure of energy or to the expectation of health benefits. Therefore, to establish whether asanas are beneficial, researchers need to design a control condition in which participants complete activities, called sham poses, that are equivalent to traditional asanas in physical activity and expectation of benefits. Objectives: The aim of this research was to design an appropriate suite of sham poses and to demonstrate these poses and traditional asanas are equivalent in energy expenditure, cardiovascular response, and expectations of health benefits. Methods: Twenty healthy men at medium to high risk of developing diabetes volunteered to partake in the current study. These men completed two sessions that comprised traditional asanas and two sessions that comprised sham poses—poses that utilize the same muscle groups as the asanas and were assigned fictitious Sanskrit labels. Before and after each session, heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, triglycerides levels, and oxygen saturation were measured to gauge the intensity of exercise. After each session, using a standard measure, participants also indicated the degree to which they expected the poses to improve health. Results: The degree to which the sessions affected the physiological measures (for example, pre-exercise, the heart rate for yoga and sham was 71.06 ± 4.79 and 73.88 ± 6.05, respectively, and post-exercise, the heart rate was 70.19 ± 6.16 and 73 ± 7.55, respectively) and the expectations of health improvements did not differ between the traditional asanas and the sham poses. Likewise, the degree to which each session influenced these physiological measures was negligible in both conditions. Conclusions: This study developed a series of poses that elicit similar physiological and psychological effect as traditional yoga asanas. These poses can be used in an active control group in future randomized trial studies that are designed to assess the benefits of asanas.
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spelling pubmed-79151532021-03-01 Development of Sham Yoga Poses to Assess the Benefits of Yoga in Future Randomized Controlled Trial Studies Ramamoorthi, Ramya Gahreman, Daniel Skinner, Timothy Moss, Simon Life (Basel) Article Background: Although research has demonstrated the benefits of yoga to people who have been diagnosed with diabetes or at risk of diabetes, studies have not confirmed these effects can be ascribed to the specific features of the traditional postures, called asanas. Instead, the effects of asanas could be ascribed to the increase in cardiovascular activity and expenditure of energy or to the expectation of health benefits. Therefore, to establish whether asanas are beneficial, researchers need to design a control condition in which participants complete activities, called sham poses, that are equivalent to traditional asanas in physical activity and expectation of benefits. Objectives: The aim of this research was to design an appropriate suite of sham poses and to demonstrate these poses and traditional asanas are equivalent in energy expenditure, cardiovascular response, and expectations of health benefits. Methods: Twenty healthy men at medium to high risk of developing diabetes volunteered to partake in the current study. These men completed two sessions that comprised traditional asanas and two sessions that comprised sham poses—poses that utilize the same muscle groups as the asanas and were assigned fictitious Sanskrit labels. Before and after each session, heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, triglycerides levels, and oxygen saturation were measured to gauge the intensity of exercise. After each session, using a standard measure, participants also indicated the degree to which they expected the poses to improve health. Results: The degree to which the sessions affected the physiological measures (for example, pre-exercise, the heart rate for yoga and sham was 71.06 ± 4.79 and 73.88 ± 6.05, respectively, and post-exercise, the heart rate was 70.19 ± 6.16 and 73 ± 7.55, respectively) and the expectations of health improvements did not differ between the traditional asanas and the sham poses. Likewise, the degree to which each session influenced these physiological measures was negligible in both conditions. Conclusions: This study developed a series of poses that elicit similar physiological and psychological effect as traditional yoga asanas. These poses can be used in an active control group in future randomized trial studies that are designed to assess the benefits of asanas. MDPI 2021-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7915153/ /pubmed/33562301 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020130 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ramamoorthi, Ramya
Gahreman, Daniel
Skinner, Timothy
Moss, Simon
Development of Sham Yoga Poses to Assess the Benefits of Yoga in Future Randomized Controlled Trial Studies
title Development of Sham Yoga Poses to Assess the Benefits of Yoga in Future Randomized Controlled Trial Studies
title_full Development of Sham Yoga Poses to Assess the Benefits of Yoga in Future Randomized Controlled Trial Studies
title_fullStr Development of Sham Yoga Poses to Assess the Benefits of Yoga in Future Randomized Controlled Trial Studies
title_full_unstemmed Development of Sham Yoga Poses to Assess the Benefits of Yoga in Future Randomized Controlled Trial Studies
title_short Development of Sham Yoga Poses to Assess the Benefits of Yoga in Future Randomized Controlled Trial Studies
title_sort development of sham yoga poses to assess the benefits of yoga in future randomized controlled trial studies
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7915153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33562301
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020130
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