Extending Quantum Probability from Real Axis to Complex Plane

Probability is an important question in the ontological interpretation of quantum mechanics. It has been discussed in some trajectory interpretations such as Bohmian mechanics and stochastic mechanics. New questions arise when the probability domain extends to the complex space, including the generation of complex trajectory, the definition of the complex probability, and the relation of the complex probability to the quantum probability. The complex treatment proposed in this article applies the optimal quantum guidance law to derive the stochastic differential equation governing a particle’s random motion in the complex plane. The probability distribution [Formula: see text] of the particle’s position over the complex plane [Formula: see text] is formed by an ensemble of the complex quantum random trajectories, which are solved from the complex stochastic differential equation. Meanwhile, the probability distribution [Formula: see text] is verified by the solution of the complex Fokker–Planck equation. It is shown that quantum probability [Formula: see text] and classical probability can be integrated under the framework of complex probability [Formula: see text] , such that they can both be derived from [Formula: see text] by different statistical ways of collecting spatial points.