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Variation in Phenolic Chemistry in Zostera marina Seagrass along Environmental Gradients
Chemical ecology has been suggested as a less time-consuming and more cost-efficient monitoring tool of seagrass ecosystems than traditional methods. Phenolic chemistry in Zostera marina samples was analyzed against latitude, sea depth, sample position within a seagrass meadow (periphery or center)...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7916139/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33572371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020334 |
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author | Sævdal Dybsland, Cecilie Bekkby, Trine Hasle Enerstvedt, Kjersti Kvalheim, Olav M. Rinde, Eli Jordheim, Monica |
author_facet | Sævdal Dybsland, Cecilie Bekkby, Trine Hasle Enerstvedt, Kjersti Kvalheim, Olav M. Rinde, Eli Jordheim, Monica |
author_sort | Sævdal Dybsland, Cecilie |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chemical ecology has been suggested as a less time-consuming and more cost-efficient monitoring tool of seagrass ecosystems than traditional methods. Phenolic chemistry in Zostera marina samples was analyzed against latitude, sea depth, sample position within a seagrass meadow (periphery or center) and wave exposure. Multivariate data analysis showed that rosmarinic acid correlated moderately positively with depth, while the flavonoids had an overall strong negative correlation with increasing depth—possibly reflecting lack of stress-induced conditions with increasing depth, rather than a different response to light conditions. At a molecular level, the flavonoids were separated into two groups; one group is well described by the variables of depth and wave exposure, and the other group that was not well described by these variables—the latter may reflect biosynthetic dependencies or other unrevealed factors. A higher flavonoid/rosmarinic acid ratio was seen in the periphery of a seagrass meadow, while the contrary ratio was seen in the center. This may reflect higher plant stress in the periphery of a meadow, and the flavonoid/rosmarinic acid ratio may provide a possible molecular index of seagrass ecosystem health. Further studies are needed before the full potential of using variation in phenolic chemistry as a seagrass ecosystem monitoring tool is established. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7916139 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79161392021-03-01 Variation in Phenolic Chemistry in Zostera marina Seagrass along Environmental Gradients Sævdal Dybsland, Cecilie Bekkby, Trine Hasle Enerstvedt, Kjersti Kvalheim, Olav M. Rinde, Eli Jordheim, Monica Plants (Basel) Article Chemical ecology has been suggested as a less time-consuming and more cost-efficient monitoring tool of seagrass ecosystems than traditional methods. Phenolic chemistry in Zostera marina samples was analyzed against latitude, sea depth, sample position within a seagrass meadow (periphery or center) and wave exposure. Multivariate data analysis showed that rosmarinic acid correlated moderately positively with depth, while the flavonoids had an overall strong negative correlation with increasing depth—possibly reflecting lack of stress-induced conditions with increasing depth, rather than a different response to light conditions. At a molecular level, the flavonoids were separated into two groups; one group is well described by the variables of depth and wave exposure, and the other group that was not well described by these variables—the latter may reflect biosynthetic dependencies or other unrevealed factors. A higher flavonoid/rosmarinic acid ratio was seen in the periphery of a seagrass meadow, while the contrary ratio was seen in the center. This may reflect higher plant stress in the periphery of a meadow, and the flavonoid/rosmarinic acid ratio may provide a possible molecular index of seagrass ecosystem health. Further studies are needed before the full potential of using variation in phenolic chemistry as a seagrass ecosystem monitoring tool is established. MDPI 2021-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7916139/ /pubmed/33572371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020334 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sævdal Dybsland, Cecilie Bekkby, Trine Hasle Enerstvedt, Kjersti Kvalheim, Olav M. Rinde, Eli Jordheim, Monica Variation in Phenolic Chemistry in Zostera marina Seagrass along Environmental Gradients |
title | Variation in Phenolic Chemistry in Zostera marina Seagrass along Environmental Gradients |
title_full | Variation in Phenolic Chemistry in Zostera marina Seagrass along Environmental Gradients |
title_fullStr | Variation in Phenolic Chemistry in Zostera marina Seagrass along Environmental Gradients |
title_full_unstemmed | Variation in Phenolic Chemistry in Zostera marina Seagrass along Environmental Gradients |
title_short | Variation in Phenolic Chemistry in Zostera marina Seagrass along Environmental Gradients |
title_sort | variation in phenolic chemistry in zostera marina seagrass along environmental gradients |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7916139/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33572371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020334 |
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