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Nanostructures for Biosensing, with a Brief Overview on Cancer Detection, IoT, and the Role of Machine Learning in Smart Biosensors

Biosensors are essential tools which have been traditionally used to monitor environmental pollution and detect the presence of toxic elements and biohazardous bacteria or virus in organic matter and biomolecules for clinical diagnostics. In the last couple of decades, the scientific community has w...

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Autores principales: Banerjee, Aishwaryadev, Maity, Swagata, Mastrangelo, Carlos H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7916491/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33578726
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041253
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author Banerjee, Aishwaryadev
Maity, Swagata
Mastrangelo, Carlos H.
author_facet Banerjee, Aishwaryadev
Maity, Swagata
Mastrangelo, Carlos H.
author_sort Banerjee, Aishwaryadev
collection PubMed
description Biosensors are essential tools which have been traditionally used to monitor environmental pollution and detect the presence of toxic elements and biohazardous bacteria or virus in organic matter and biomolecules for clinical diagnostics. In the last couple of decades, the scientific community has witnessed their widespread application in the fields of military, health care, industrial process control, environmental monitoring, food-quality control, and microbiology. Biosensor technology has greatly evolved from in vitro studies based on the biosensing ability of organic beings to the highly sophisticated world of nanofabrication-enabled miniaturized biosensors. The incorporation of nanotechnology in the vast field of biosensing has led to the development of novel sensors and sensing mechanisms, as well as an increase in the sensitivity and performance of the existing biosensors. Additionally, the nanoscale dimension further assists the development of sensors for rapid and simple detection in vivo as well as the ability to probe single biomolecules and obtain critical information for their detection and analysis. However, the major drawbacks of this include, but are not limited to, potential toxicities associated with the unavoidable release of nanoparticles into the environment, miniaturization-induced unreliability, lack of automation, and difficulty of integrating the nanostructured-based biosensors, as well as unreliable transduction signals from these devices. Although the field of biosensors is vast, we intend to explore various nanotechnology-enabled biosensors as part of this review article and provide a brief description of their fundamental working principles and potential applications. The article aims to provide the reader a holistic overview of different nanostructures which have been used for biosensing purposes along with some specific applications in the field of cancer detection and the Internet of things (IoT), as well as a brief overview of machine-learning-based biosensing.
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spelling pubmed-79164912021-03-01 Nanostructures for Biosensing, with a Brief Overview on Cancer Detection, IoT, and the Role of Machine Learning in Smart Biosensors Banerjee, Aishwaryadev Maity, Swagata Mastrangelo, Carlos H. Sensors (Basel) Review Biosensors are essential tools which have been traditionally used to monitor environmental pollution and detect the presence of toxic elements and biohazardous bacteria or virus in organic matter and biomolecules for clinical diagnostics. In the last couple of decades, the scientific community has witnessed their widespread application in the fields of military, health care, industrial process control, environmental monitoring, food-quality control, and microbiology. Biosensor technology has greatly evolved from in vitro studies based on the biosensing ability of organic beings to the highly sophisticated world of nanofabrication-enabled miniaturized biosensors. The incorporation of nanotechnology in the vast field of biosensing has led to the development of novel sensors and sensing mechanisms, as well as an increase in the sensitivity and performance of the existing biosensors. Additionally, the nanoscale dimension further assists the development of sensors for rapid and simple detection in vivo as well as the ability to probe single biomolecules and obtain critical information for their detection and analysis. However, the major drawbacks of this include, but are not limited to, potential toxicities associated with the unavoidable release of nanoparticles into the environment, miniaturization-induced unreliability, lack of automation, and difficulty of integrating the nanostructured-based biosensors, as well as unreliable transduction signals from these devices. Although the field of biosensors is vast, we intend to explore various nanotechnology-enabled biosensors as part of this review article and provide a brief description of their fundamental working principles and potential applications. The article aims to provide the reader a holistic overview of different nanostructures which have been used for biosensing purposes along with some specific applications in the field of cancer detection and the Internet of things (IoT), as well as a brief overview of machine-learning-based biosensing. MDPI 2021-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7916491/ /pubmed/33578726 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041253 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Banerjee, Aishwaryadev
Maity, Swagata
Mastrangelo, Carlos H.
Nanostructures for Biosensing, with a Brief Overview on Cancer Detection, IoT, and the Role of Machine Learning in Smart Biosensors
title Nanostructures for Biosensing, with a Brief Overview on Cancer Detection, IoT, and the Role of Machine Learning in Smart Biosensors
title_full Nanostructures for Biosensing, with a Brief Overview on Cancer Detection, IoT, and the Role of Machine Learning in Smart Biosensors
title_fullStr Nanostructures for Biosensing, with a Brief Overview on Cancer Detection, IoT, and the Role of Machine Learning in Smart Biosensors
title_full_unstemmed Nanostructures for Biosensing, with a Brief Overview on Cancer Detection, IoT, and the Role of Machine Learning in Smart Biosensors
title_short Nanostructures for Biosensing, with a Brief Overview on Cancer Detection, IoT, and the Role of Machine Learning in Smart Biosensors
title_sort nanostructures for biosensing, with a brief overview on cancer detection, iot, and the role of machine learning in smart biosensors
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7916491/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33578726
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041253
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