Usefulness of D-Dimer and Ultrasonography Screening for Detecting Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Undergoing Rehabilitation

Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This study aims at assessing usefulness of D-dimer and compressive Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) for detecting DVT in patients undergoing rehabilitation at various time-points post-SCI. One-hundred forty-five patients were divided into three groups based on time elapsed since SCI: I (≥3 weeks to 3 months), II (≥3 to 6 months), and III (≥6 months). On admission, D-dimer plasma level measurement and CDUS of the lower limbs venous system were performed. DVT was diagnosed using CDUS in 15 patients (10.3% of entire group), more frequently in group I (22.2% of group) and II (11.7%) compared to group III (1.5%). Most DVT patients received thromboprophylaxis (80%) and were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (60%). Median D-dimer was elevated in patients with DVT from all groups, and also patients without DVT from groups I and II, but not group III. D-dimers were higher in patients with DVT than without DVT in the entire group (p = 0.001) and group I (p = 0.02), but not in groups II and III. The risk of DVT in SCI patients undergoing rehabilitation and thromboprophylaxis including asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic cases, is high within 6 months post-injury, and especially within 3 months. Measurement of D-dimer level should be complemented by routine CDUS for detecting DVT within 6 months post-SCI. Over 6 months, the usefulness of D-dimer screening alone is better for DVT detection.