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Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy
Progenitor cells derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPECs) have shown promise as therapeutic approaches to degenerative retinal disorders including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. However, the degeneration of Bruch’s membrane (BM), the natural...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7916765/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33579019 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041776 |
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author | Pishavar, Elham Luo, Hongrong Bolander, Johanna Atala, Antony Ramakrishna, Seeram |
author_facet | Pishavar, Elham Luo, Hongrong Bolander, Johanna Atala, Antony Ramakrishna, Seeram |
author_sort | Pishavar, Elham |
collection | PubMed |
description | Progenitor cells derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPECs) have shown promise as therapeutic approaches to degenerative retinal disorders including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. However, the degeneration of Bruch’s membrane (BM), the natural substrate for the RPE, has been identified as one of the major limitations for utilizing RPECs. This degeneration leads to decreased support, survival and integration of the transplanted RPECs. It has been proposed that the generation of organized structures of nanofibers, in an attempt to mimic the natural retinal extracellular matrix (ECM) and its unique characteristics, could be utilized to overcome these limitations. Furthermore, nanoparticles could be incorporated to provide a platform for improved drug delivery and sustained release of molecules over several months to years. In addition, the incorporation of tissue-specific genes and stem cells into the nanostructures increased the stability and enhanced transfection efficiency of gene/drug to the posterior segment of the eye. This review discusses available drug delivery systems and combination therapies together with challenges associated with each approach. As the last step, we discuss the application of nanofibrous scaffolds for the implantation of RPE progenitor cells with the aim to enhance cell adhesion and support a functionally polarized RPE monolayer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7916765 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79167652021-03-01 Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy Pishavar, Elham Luo, Hongrong Bolander, Johanna Atala, Antony Ramakrishna, Seeram Int J Mol Sci Review Progenitor cells derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPECs) have shown promise as therapeutic approaches to degenerative retinal disorders including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. However, the degeneration of Bruch’s membrane (BM), the natural substrate for the RPE, has been identified as one of the major limitations for utilizing RPECs. This degeneration leads to decreased support, survival and integration of the transplanted RPECs. It has been proposed that the generation of organized structures of nanofibers, in an attempt to mimic the natural retinal extracellular matrix (ECM) and its unique characteristics, could be utilized to overcome these limitations. Furthermore, nanoparticles could be incorporated to provide a platform for improved drug delivery and sustained release of molecules over several months to years. In addition, the incorporation of tissue-specific genes and stem cells into the nanostructures increased the stability and enhanced transfection efficiency of gene/drug to the posterior segment of the eye. This review discusses available drug delivery systems and combination therapies together with challenges associated with each approach. As the last step, we discuss the application of nanofibrous scaffolds for the implantation of RPE progenitor cells with the aim to enhance cell adhesion and support a functionally polarized RPE monolayer. MDPI 2021-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7916765/ /pubmed/33579019 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041776 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Pishavar, Elham Luo, Hongrong Bolander, Johanna Atala, Antony Ramakrishna, Seeram Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy |
title | Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy |
title_full | Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy |
title_fullStr | Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy |
title_short | Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy |
title_sort | nanocarriers, progenitor cells, combinational approaches, and new insights on the retinal therapy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7916765/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33579019 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041776 |
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