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Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy

Progenitor cells derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPECs) have shown promise as therapeutic approaches to degenerative retinal disorders including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. However, the degeneration of Bruch’s membrane (BM), the natural...

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Autores principales: Pishavar, Elham, Luo, Hongrong, Bolander, Johanna, Atala, Antony, Ramakrishna, Seeram
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7916765/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33579019
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041776
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author Pishavar, Elham
Luo, Hongrong
Bolander, Johanna
Atala, Antony
Ramakrishna, Seeram
author_facet Pishavar, Elham
Luo, Hongrong
Bolander, Johanna
Atala, Antony
Ramakrishna, Seeram
author_sort Pishavar, Elham
collection PubMed
description Progenitor cells derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPECs) have shown promise as therapeutic approaches to degenerative retinal disorders including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. However, the degeneration of Bruch’s membrane (BM), the natural substrate for the RPE, has been identified as one of the major limitations for utilizing RPECs. This degeneration leads to decreased support, survival and integration of the transplanted RPECs. It has been proposed that the generation of organized structures of nanofibers, in an attempt to mimic the natural retinal extracellular matrix (ECM) and its unique characteristics, could be utilized to overcome these limitations. Furthermore, nanoparticles could be incorporated to provide a platform for improved drug delivery and sustained release of molecules over several months to years. In addition, the incorporation of tissue-specific genes and stem cells into the nanostructures increased the stability and enhanced transfection efficiency of gene/drug to the posterior segment of the eye. This review discusses available drug delivery systems and combination therapies together with challenges associated with each approach. As the last step, we discuss the application of nanofibrous scaffolds for the implantation of RPE progenitor cells with the aim to enhance cell adhesion and support a functionally polarized RPE monolayer.
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spelling pubmed-79167652021-03-01 Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy Pishavar, Elham Luo, Hongrong Bolander, Johanna Atala, Antony Ramakrishna, Seeram Int J Mol Sci Review Progenitor cells derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPECs) have shown promise as therapeutic approaches to degenerative retinal disorders including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. However, the degeneration of Bruch’s membrane (BM), the natural substrate for the RPE, has been identified as one of the major limitations for utilizing RPECs. This degeneration leads to decreased support, survival and integration of the transplanted RPECs. It has been proposed that the generation of organized structures of nanofibers, in an attempt to mimic the natural retinal extracellular matrix (ECM) and its unique characteristics, could be utilized to overcome these limitations. Furthermore, nanoparticles could be incorporated to provide a platform for improved drug delivery and sustained release of molecules over several months to years. In addition, the incorporation of tissue-specific genes and stem cells into the nanostructures increased the stability and enhanced transfection efficiency of gene/drug to the posterior segment of the eye. This review discusses available drug delivery systems and combination therapies together with challenges associated with each approach. As the last step, we discuss the application of nanofibrous scaffolds for the implantation of RPE progenitor cells with the aim to enhance cell adhesion and support a functionally polarized RPE monolayer. MDPI 2021-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7916765/ /pubmed/33579019 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041776 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Pishavar, Elham
Luo, Hongrong
Bolander, Johanna
Atala, Antony
Ramakrishna, Seeram
Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy
title Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy
title_full Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy
title_fullStr Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy
title_short Nanocarriers, Progenitor Cells, Combinational Approaches, and New Insights on the Retinal Therapy
title_sort nanocarriers, progenitor cells, combinational approaches, and new insights on the retinal therapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7916765/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33579019
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041776
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