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FIB-4 First in the Diagnostic Algorithm of Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in the Era of the Global Metabodemic
The prevalence of obesity or metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide (globally metabodemic). Approximately 25% of the adult general population is suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has become a serious health problem. In 2020, global experts suggested that the nomencla...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7917687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672864 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020143 |
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author | Sumida, Yoshio Yoneda, Masashi Tokushige, Katsutoshi Kawanaka, Miwa Fujii, Hideki Yoneda, Masato Imajo, Kento Takahashi, Hirokazu Eguchi, Yuichiro Ono, Masafumi Nozaki, Yuichi Hyogo, Hideyuki Koseki, Masahiro Yoshida, Yuichi Kawaguchi, Takumi Kamada, Yoshihiro Okanoue, Takeshi Nakajima, Atsushi |
author_facet | Sumida, Yoshio Yoneda, Masashi Tokushige, Katsutoshi Kawanaka, Miwa Fujii, Hideki Yoneda, Masato Imajo, Kento Takahashi, Hirokazu Eguchi, Yuichiro Ono, Masafumi Nozaki, Yuichi Hyogo, Hideyuki Koseki, Masahiro Yoshida, Yuichi Kawaguchi, Takumi Kamada, Yoshihiro Okanoue, Takeshi Nakajima, Atsushi |
author_sort | Sumida, Yoshio |
collection | PubMed |
description | The prevalence of obesity or metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide (globally metabodemic). Approximately 25% of the adult general population is suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has become a serious health problem. In 2020, global experts suggested that the nomenclature of NAFLD should be updated to metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Hepatic fibrosis is the most significant determinant of all cause- and liver -related mortality in MAFLD. The non-invasive test (NIT) is urgently required to evaluate hepatic fibrosis in MAFLD. The fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index is the first triaging tool for excluding advanced fibrosis because of its accuracy, simplicity, and cheapness, especially for general physicians or endocrinologists, although the FIB-4 index has several drawbacks. Accumulating evidence has suggested that vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test may become useful as the second step after triaging by the FIB-4 index. The leading cause of mortality in MAFLD is cardiovascular disease (CVD), extrahepatic malignancy, and liver-related diseases. MAFLD often complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in increased simultaneous liver kidney transplantation. The FIB-4 index could be a predictor of not only liver-related mortality and incident hepatocellular carcinoma, but also prevalent and incident CKD, CVD, and extrahepatic malignancy. Although NITs as milestones for evaluating treatment efficacy have never been established, the FIB-4 index is expected to reflect histological hepatic fibrosis after treatment in several longitudinal studies. We here review the role of the FIB-4 index in the management of MAFLD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7917687 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79176872021-03-02 FIB-4 First in the Diagnostic Algorithm of Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in the Era of the Global Metabodemic Sumida, Yoshio Yoneda, Masashi Tokushige, Katsutoshi Kawanaka, Miwa Fujii, Hideki Yoneda, Masato Imajo, Kento Takahashi, Hirokazu Eguchi, Yuichiro Ono, Masafumi Nozaki, Yuichi Hyogo, Hideyuki Koseki, Masahiro Yoshida, Yuichi Kawaguchi, Takumi Kamada, Yoshihiro Okanoue, Takeshi Nakajima, Atsushi Life (Basel) Review The prevalence of obesity or metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide (globally metabodemic). Approximately 25% of the adult general population is suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has become a serious health problem. In 2020, global experts suggested that the nomenclature of NAFLD should be updated to metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Hepatic fibrosis is the most significant determinant of all cause- and liver -related mortality in MAFLD. The non-invasive test (NIT) is urgently required to evaluate hepatic fibrosis in MAFLD. The fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index is the first triaging tool for excluding advanced fibrosis because of its accuracy, simplicity, and cheapness, especially for general physicians or endocrinologists, although the FIB-4 index has several drawbacks. Accumulating evidence has suggested that vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test may become useful as the second step after triaging by the FIB-4 index. The leading cause of mortality in MAFLD is cardiovascular disease (CVD), extrahepatic malignancy, and liver-related diseases. MAFLD often complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in increased simultaneous liver kidney transplantation. The FIB-4 index could be a predictor of not only liver-related mortality and incident hepatocellular carcinoma, but also prevalent and incident CKD, CVD, and extrahepatic malignancy. Although NITs as milestones for evaluating treatment efficacy have never been established, the FIB-4 index is expected to reflect histological hepatic fibrosis after treatment in several longitudinal studies. We here review the role of the FIB-4 index in the management of MAFLD. MDPI 2021-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7917687/ /pubmed/33672864 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020143 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sumida, Yoshio Yoneda, Masashi Tokushige, Katsutoshi Kawanaka, Miwa Fujii, Hideki Yoneda, Masato Imajo, Kento Takahashi, Hirokazu Eguchi, Yuichiro Ono, Masafumi Nozaki, Yuichi Hyogo, Hideyuki Koseki, Masahiro Yoshida, Yuichi Kawaguchi, Takumi Kamada, Yoshihiro Okanoue, Takeshi Nakajima, Atsushi FIB-4 First in the Diagnostic Algorithm of Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in the Era of the Global Metabodemic |
title | FIB-4 First in the Diagnostic Algorithm of Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in the Era of the Global Metabodemic |
title_full | FIB-4 First in the Diagnostic Algorithm of Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in the Era of the Global Metabodemic |
title_fullStr | FIB-4 First in the Diagnostic Algorithm of Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in the Era of the Global Metabodemic |
title_full_unstemmed | FIB-4 First in the Diagnostic Algorithm of Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in the Era of the Global Metabodemic |
title_short | FIB-4 First in the Diagnostic Algorithm of Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in the Era of the Global Metabodemic |
title_sort | fib-4 first in the diagnostic algorithm of metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in the era of the global metabodemic |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7917687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672864 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020143 |
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