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Objectively Measured Built Environments and Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults
This study assesses the association between the objectively measured built environment and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 50,741 adults from the Korean Community Health Survey. The CVD outcomes of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) or angina were derived...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7917898/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672927 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041861 |
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author | Lee, Eun Young Choi, Jungsoon Lee, Sugie Choi, Bo Youl |
author_facet | Lee, Eun Young Choi, Jungsoon Lee, Sugie Choi, Bo Youl |
author_sort | Lee, Eun Young |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study assesses the association between the objectively measured built environment and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 50,741 adults from the Korean Community Health Survey. The CVD outcomes of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) or angina were derived from self-reported histories of physician diagnoses. Using ArcGIS software and Korean government databases, this study measured the built environment variables for the 546 administrative areas of Gyeonggi province. A Bayesian spatial multilevel model was performed independently in two age groups (i.e., 40–59 years or ≥60 years). After adjusting for statistical significant individual- and community-level factors with the spatial associations, living far from public transit was associated with an increase in the odds of MI or angina in middle-aged adults, while living in neighborhoods in which fast-food restaurants were concentrated was associated with a decrease in the odds of hypertension and stroke. For adults 60 or older, living farther from public physical-activity (PA) facilities was associated with a 15% increased odds for dyslipidemia, compared with living in neighborhoods nearer to PA facilities. These findings suggest that creating a built environment that provides more opportunities to engage in PA in everyday life should be considered a strategy to reduce the prevalence of CVD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7917898 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79178982021-03-02 Objectively Measured Built Environments and Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults Lee, Eun Young Choi, Jungsoon Lee, Sugie Choi, Bo Youl Int J Environ Res Public Health Article This study assesses the association between the objectively measured built environment and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 50,741 adults from the Korean Community Health Survey. The CVD outcomes of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) or angina were derived from self-reported histories of physician diagnoses. Using ArcGIS software and Korean government databases, this study measured the built environment variables for the 546 administrative areas of Gyeonggi province. A Bayesian spatial multilevel model was performed independently in two age groups (i.e., 40–59 years or ≥60 years). After adjusting for statistical significant individual- and community-level factors with the spatial associations, living far from public transit was associated with an increase in the odds of MI or angina in middle-aged adults, while living in neighborhoods in which fast-food restaurants were concentrated was associated with a decrease in the odds of hypertension and stroke. For adults 60 or older, living farther from public physical-activity (PA) facilities was associated with a 15% increased odds for dyslipidemia, compared with living in neighborhoods nearer to PA facilities. These findings suggest that creating a built environment that provides more opportunities to engage in PA in everyday life should be considered a strategy to reduce the prevalence of CVD. MDPI 2021-02-14 2021-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7917898/ /pubmed/33672927 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041861 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lee, Eun Young Choi, Jungsoon Lee, Sugie Choi, Bo Youl Objectively Measured Built Environments and Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults |
title | Objectively Measured Built Environments and Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults |
title_full | Objectively Measured Built Environments and Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults |
title_fullStr | Objectively Measured Built Environments and Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults |
title_full_unstemmed | Objectively Measured Built Environments and Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults |
title_short | Objectively Measured Built Environments and Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults |
title_sort | objectively measured built environments and cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged and older korean adults |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7917898/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672927 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041861 |
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