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Stress and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk for Indigenous Populations throughout the Lifespan
Background: Indigenous people experience the greatest cardiometabolic disease disparity in the Unites States, yet high cardiometabolic disease risk factors do not fully explain the extent of the cardiometabolic disease disparity for Indigenous people. Stress, trauma, and racism occur at high rates w...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7918141/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33668461 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041821 |
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author | Lewis, Melissa E. Volpert-Esmond, Hannah I. Deen, Jason F. Modde, Elizabeth Warne, Donald |
author_facet | Lewis, Melissa E. Volpert-Esmond, Hannah I. Deen, Jason F. Modde, Elizabeth Warne, Donald |
author_sort | Lewis, Melissa E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Indigenous people experience the greatest cardiometabolic disease disparity in the Unites States, yet high cardiometabolic disease risk factors do not fully explain the extent of the cardiometabolic disease disparity for Indigenous people. Stress, trauma, and racism occur at high rates within Indigenous communities and have not been well explored as significant contributors to cardiometabolic disease disparities despite emerging literature, and therefore will be described here. Methods: This descriptive study explores the relationship between cardiometabolic disease risks and Indigenous-specific stressors (e.g., early childhood stress and trauma, adulthood stress and trauma, and historical and intergenerational trauma) using current literature. Indigenous-specific protective factors against cardiometabolic disease are also reviewed. Results. Increasing research indicates that there is a relationship between Indigenous-specific stressful and traumatic life experiences and increased cardiometabolic disease risk. Mental health and psychophysiology play an important role in this relationship. Effective interventions to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk in Indigenous communities focus on ameliorating the negative effects of these stressors through the use of culturally specific health behaviors and activities. Conclusions: There is increasing evidence that cultural connection and enculturation are protective factors for cardiometabolic disease, and may be galvanized through Indigenous-led training, research, and policy change. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7918141 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79181412021-03-02 Stress and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk for Indigenous Populations throughout the Lifespan Lewis, Melissa E. Volpert-Esmond, Hannah I. Deen, Jason F. Modde, Elizabeth Warne, Donald Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Indigenous people experience the greatest cardiometabolic disease disparity in the Unites States, yet high cardiometabolic disease risk factors do not fully explain the extent of the cardiometabolic disease disparity for Indigenous people. Stress, trauma, and racism occur at high rates within Indigenous communities and have not been well explored as significant contributors to cardiometabolic disease disparities despite emerging literature, and therefore will be described here. Methods: This descriptive study explores the relationship between cardiometabolic disease risks and Indigenous-specific stressors (e.g., early childhood stress and trauma, adulthood stress and trauma, and historical and intergenerational trauma) using current literature. Indigenous-specific protective factors against cardiometabolic disease are also reviewed. Results. Increasing research indicates that there is a relationship between Indigenous-specific stressful and traumatic life experiences and increased cardiometabolic disease risk. Mental health and psychophysiology play an important role in this relationship. Effective interventions to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk in Indigenous communities focus on ameliorating the negative effects of these stressors through the use of culturally specific health behaviors and activities. Conclusions: There is increasing evidence that cultural connection and enculturation are protective factors for cardiometabolic disease, and may be galvanized through Indigenous-led training, research, and policy change. MDPI 2021-02-13 2021-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7918141/ /pubmed/33668461 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041821 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lewis, Melissa E. Volpert-Esmond, Hannah I. Deen, Jason F. Modde, Elizabeth Warne, Donald Stress and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk for Indigenous Populations throughout the Lifespan |
title | Stress and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk for Indigenous Populations throughout the Lifespan |
title_full | Stress and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk for Indigenous Populations throughout the Lifespan |
title_fullStr | Stress and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk for Indigenous Populations throughout the Lifespan |
title_full_unstemmed | Stress and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk for Indigenous Populations throughout the Lifespan |
title_short | Stress and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk for Indigenous Populations throughout the Lifespan |
title_sort | stress and cardiometabolic disease risk for indigenous populations throughout the lifespan |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7918141/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33668461 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041821 |
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