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Risk Factors of the First-Time Stroke in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study

Worldwide, stroke is the second leading cause of death and a frequent cause of permanent disability. The objective was to identify the first-time stroke modifiable risk factors in the Aseer region, southwest Saudi Arabia. In a multicenter hospital-based case-control study design, all first stroke pa...

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Autores principales: Alhazzani, Adel A., Mahfouz, Ahmed A., Abolyazid, Ahmed Y., Awadalla, Nabil J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7918495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670278
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020222
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author Alhazzani, Adel A.
Mahfouz, Ahmed A.
Abolyazid, Ahmed Y.
Awadalla, Nabil J.
author_facet Alhazzani, Adel A.
Mahfouz, Ahmed A.
Abolyazid, Ahmed Y.
Awadalla, Nabil J.
author_sort Alhazzani, Adel A.
collection PubMed
description Worldwide, stroke is the second leading cause of death and a frequent cause of permanent disability. The objective was to identify the first-time stroke modifiable risk factors in the Aseer region, southwest Saudi Arabia. In a multicenter hospital-based case-control study design, all first stroke patients admitted to hospitals in the Aseer region were included consecutively over one year. Age, sex, and geographical residence-matched controls were selected and included in a ratio of 1:1. Data collected included altitude (low or high), nationality, marital status, educational level, family history of stroke, history of diabetes mellitus, history of systemic hypertension, high cholesterol level, current smoking, obesity, and regular exercise practice. The study included 1249 first-time stroke patients and 1249 age, sex, and residence-matched controls. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and high cholesterol were significantly highly prevalent among cases (57.7%, 49.4%, 42.0%, 29.4%, respectively) compared to controls (31.8%, 25.9%, 30.8%, 12.1%, respectively). Practicing regular exercise was significantly highly prevalent among controls (29.9%) compared to cases (13.1%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that systemic hypertension (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.74–2.57), diabetes mellitus (aOR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.41–2.21), obesity (aOR = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.61–2.28) and high cholesterol (aOR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.28–2.10) were significant risk factors, while regular exercise practice was a significant protective factor (aOR = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.05–0.26) for stroke. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and high cholesterol are major risk factors for stroke in the Aseer region of southwest Saudi Arabia. The protective role of regular physical activity in reducing the risk of stroke is evident. The observed higher prevalence of potentially modifiable risk factors among stroke cases encourages an urgent need to develop and implement a national program to control these factors.
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spelling pubmed-79184952021-03-02 Risk Factors of the First-Time Stroke in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study Alhazzani, Adel A. Mahfouz, Ahmed A. Abolyazid, Ahmed Y. Awadalla, Nabil J. Brain Sci Article Worldwide, stroke is the second leading cause of death and a frequent cause of permanent disability. The objective was to identify the first-time stroke modifiable risk factors in the Aseer region, southwest Saudi Arabia. In a multicenter hospital-based case-control study design, all first stroke patients admitted to hospitals in the Aseer region were included consecutively over one year. Age, sex, and geographical residence-matched controls were selected and included in a ratio of 1:1. Data collected included altitude (low or high), nationality, marital status, educational level, family history of stroke, history of diabetes mellitus, history of systemic hypertension, high cholesterol level, current smoking, obesity, and regular exercise practice. The study included 1249 first-time stroke patients and 1249 age, sex, and residence-matched controls. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and high cholesterol were significantly highly prevalent among cases (57.7%, 49.4%, 42.0%, 29.4%, respectively) compared to controls (31.8%, 25.9%, 30.8%, 12.1%, respectively). Practicing regular exercise was significantly highly prevalent among controls (29.9%) compared to cases (13.1%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that systemic hypertension (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.74–2.57), diabetes mellitus (aOR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.41–2.21), obesity (aOR = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.61–2.28) and high cholesterol (aOR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.28–2.10) were significant risk factors, while regular exercise practice was a significant protective factor (aOR = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.05–0.26) for stroke. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and high cholesterol are major risk factors for stroke in the Aseer region of southwest Saudi Arabia. The protective role of regular physical activity in reducing the risk of stroke is evident. The observed higher prevalence of potentially modifiable risk factors among stroke cases encourages an urgent need to develop and implement a national program to control these factors. MDPI 2021-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7918495/ /pubmed/33670278 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020222 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alhazzani, Adel A.
Mahfouz, Ahmed A.
Abolyazid, Ahmed Y.
Awadalla, Nabil J.
Risk Factors of the First-Time Stroke in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study
title Risk Factors of the First-Time Stroke in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study
title_full Risk Factors of the First-Time Stroke in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study
title_fullStr Risk Factors of the First-Time Stroke in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors of the First-Time Stroke in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study
title_short Risk Factors of the First-Time Stroke in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study
title_sort risk factors of the first-time stroke in the southwest of saudi arabia: a case-control study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7918495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670278
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020222
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