Cargando…

Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene

The great concern about the use of hazardous additives in food packaging materials has shown the way to new bio-based materials, such as nanoclays incorporating bioactive essential oils (EO). One of the still unresolved issues is the proper incorporation of these materials into a polymeric matrix. T...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Tsagkalias, Ioannis S., Loukidi, Alexandra, Chatzimichailidou, Stella, Salmas, Constantinos E., Giannakas, Aris E., Achilias, Dimitris S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7918516/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33668423
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020474
_version_ 1783657940545175552
author Tsagkalias, Ioannis S.
Loukidi, Alexandra
Chatzimichailidou, Stella
Salmas, Constantinos E.
Giannakas, Aris E.
Achilias, Dimitris S.
author_facet Tsagkalias, Ioannis S.
Loukidi, Alexandra
Chatzimichailidou, Stella
Salmas, Constantinos E.
Giannakas, Aris E.
Achilias, Dimitris S.
author_sort Tsagkalias, Ioannis S.
collection PubMed
description The great concern about the use of hazardous additives in food packaging materials has shown the way to new bio-based materials, such as nanoclays incorporating bioactive essential oils (EO). One of the still unresolved issues is the proper incorporation of these materials into a polymeric matrix. The in situ polymerization seems to be a promising technique, not requiring high temperatures or toxic solvents. Therefore, in this study, the bulk radical polymerization of styrene was investigated in the presence of sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) and organo-modified montmorillonite (orgMMT) including thyme (TO), oregano (OO), and basil (BO) essential oil. It was found that the hydroxyl groups present in the main ingredients of TO and OO may participate in side retardation reactions leading to lower polymerization rates (measured gravimetrically by the variation of monomer conversion with time) accompanied by higher polymer average molecular weight (measured via GPC). The use of BO did not seem to affect significantly the polymerization kinetics and polymer MWD. These results were verified from independent experiments using model compounds, thymol, carvacrol and estragol instead of the clays. Partially intercalated structures were revealed from XRD scans. The glass transition temperature (from DSC) and the thermal stability (from TGA) of the nanocomposites formed were slightly increased from 95 to 98 °C and from 435 to 445 °C, respectively. Finally, better dispersion was observed when orgMMT was added instead of NaMMT.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7918516
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-79185162021-03-02 Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene Tsagkalias, Ioannis S. Loukidi, Alexandra Chatzimichailidou, Stella Salmas, Constantinos E. Giannakas, Aris E. Achilias, Dimitris S. Nanomaterials (Basel) Article The great concern about the use of hazardous additives in food packaging materials has shown the way to new bio-based materials, such as nanoclays incorporating bioactive essential oils (EO). One of the still unresolved issues is the proper incorporation of these materials into a polymeric matrix. The in situ polymerization seems to be a promising technique, not requiring high temperatures or toxic solvents. Therefore, in this study, the bulk radical polymerization of styrene was investigated in the presence of sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) and organo-modified montmorillonite (orgMMT) including thyme (TO), oregano (OO), and basil (BO) essential oil. It was found that the hydroxyl groups present in the main ingredients of TO and OO may participate in side retardation reactions leading to lower polymerization rates (measured gravimetrically by the variation of monomer conversion with time) accompanied by higher polymer average molecular weight (measured via GPC). The use of BO did not seem to affect significantly the polymerization kinetics and polymer MWD. These results were verified from independent experiments using model compounds, thymol, carvacrol and estragol instead of the clays. Partially intercalated structures were revealed from XRD scans. The glass transition temperature (from DSC) and the thermal stability (from TGA) of the nanocomposites formed were slightly increased from 95 to 98 °C and from 435 to 445 °C, respectively. Finally, better dispersion was observed when orgMMT was added instead of NaMMT. MDPI 2021-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7918516/ /pubmed/33668423 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020474 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tsagkalias, Ioannis S.
Loukidi, Alexandra
Chatzimichailidou, Stella
Salmas, Constantinos E.
Giannakas, Aris E.
Achilias, Dimitris S.
Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene
title Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene
title_full Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene
title_fullStr Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene
title_short Effect of Na- and Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Essential Oil Nanohybrids on the Kinetics of the In Situ Radical Polymerization of Styrene
title_sort effect of na- and organo-modified montmorillonite/essential oil nanohybrids on the kinetics of the in situ radical polymerization of styrene
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7918516/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33668423
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020474
work_keys_str_mv AT tsagkaliasioanniss effectofnaandorganomodifiedmontmorilloniteessentialoilnanohybridsonthekineticsoftheinsituradicalpolymerizationofstyrene
AT loukidialexandra effectofnaandorganomodifiedmontmorilloniteessentialoilnanohybridsonthekineticsoftheinsituradicalpolymerizationofstyrene
AT chatzimichailidoustella effectofnaandorganomodifiedmontmorilloniteessentialoilnanohybridsonthekineticsoftheinsituradicalpolymerizationofstyrene
AT salmasconstantinose effectofnaandorganomodifiedmontmorilloniteessentialoilnanohybridsonthekineticsoftheinsituradicalpolymerizationofstyrene
AT giannakasarise effectofnaandorganomodifiedmontmorilloniteessentialoilnanohybridsonthekineticsoftheinsituradicalpolymerizationofstyrene
AT achiliasdimitriss effectofnaandorganomodifiedmontmorilloniteessentialoilnanohybridsonthekineticsoftheinsituradicalpolymerizationofstyrene