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Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Weaning stress can lead to intestinal barrier dysfunction, immune system destruction, and intestinal microbiota disruption, thereby reducing the absorption of nutrients and causing intestinal diseases. Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid that is abundantly present in the body...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919271/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671988 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020504 |
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author | Kyoung, Hyunjin Lee, Jeong Jae Cho, Jin Ho Choe, Jeehwan Kang, Joowon Lee, Hanbae Liu, Yanhong Kim, Younghoon Kim, Hyeun Bum Song, Minho |
author_facet | Kyoung, Hyunjin Lee, Jeong Jae Cho, Jin Ho Choe, Jeehwan Kang, Joowon Lee, Hanbae Liu, Yanhong Kim, Younghoon Kim, Hyeun Bum Song, Minho |
author_sort | Kyoung, Hyunjin |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Weaning stress can lead to intestinal barrier dysfunction, immune system destruction, and intestinal microbiota disruption, thereby reducing the absorption of nutrients and causing intestinal diseases. Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid that is abundantly present in the body and plays an essential function in cellular metabolism and immune responses. In this study, the effects of dietary glutamic acid on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health of weaned pigs were evaluated. Based on the results, dietary glutamic acid increased growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and ileal gene expression of tight junction proteins of weaned pigs and modified immune responses and gut microbiota. This study provides information to understand the functional use of dietary glutamic acid as a feed additive for improving the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs. ABSTRACT: Dietary glutamic acid (GLU) is used as a feed additive because of its functional characteristics that may affect the growth performance and health of pigs. This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary GLU on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health of weaned pigs. A total of ninety-six weaned pigs (8.07 ± 1.17 kg of body weight; 28 days of age) were assigned to two dietary treatments (8 pigs/pen; 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block: body weight): (1) a typical weaner diet (CON) and (2) CON supplemented with 0.5% GLU. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. All data and sample collections were performed at the specific time points during the experimental period. Pigs fed GLU had higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake for the first two weeks and nutrient digestibility than pigs fed CON. In addition, dietary GLU increased villus height to crypt depth ratio, number of goblet cells, and ileal gene expression of claudin family and occludin compared with CON, but decreased serum TNF-α and IL-6 and ileal gene expression of TNF-α. Moreover, pigs fed GLU had increased relative composition of bacterial communities of genus Prevotella and Anaerovibrio and decreased genus Clostridium and Terrisporobacter compared with those fed CON. This study suggests that dietary GLU influences growth performance and health of weaned pigs by modulating nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, ileal gene expression of tight junction proteins and cytokines, immune responses, and microbial community in the gut. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7919271 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79192712021-03-02 Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs Kyoung, Hyunjin Lee, Jeong Jae Cho, Jin Ho Choe, Jeehwan Kang, Joowon Lee, Hanbae Liu, Yanhong Kim, Younghoon Kim, Hyeun Bum Song, Minho Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Weaning stress can lead to intestinal barrier dysfunction, immune system destruction, and intestinal microbiota disruption, thereby reducing the absorption of nutrients and causing intestinal diseases. Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid that is abundantly present in the body and plays an essential function in cellular metabolism and immune responses. In this study, the effects of dietary glutamic acid on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health of weaned pigs were evaluated. Based on the results, dietary glutamic acid increased growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and ileal gene expression of tight junction proteins of weaned pigs and modified immune responses and gut microbiota. This study provides information to understand the functional use of dietary glutamic acid as a feed additive for improving the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs. ABSTRACT: Dietary glutamic acid (GLU) is used as a feed additive because of its functional characteristics that may affect the growth performance and health of pigs. This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary GLU on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health of weaned pigs. A total of ninety-six weaned pigs (8.07 ± 1.17 kg of body weight; 28 days of age) were assigned to two dietary treatments (8 pigs/pen; 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block: body weight): (1) a typical weaner diet (CON) and (2) CON supplemented with 0.5% GLU. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. All data and sample collections were performed at the specific time points during the experimental period. Pigs fed GLU had higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake for the first two weeks and nutrient digestibility than pigs fed CON. In addition, dietary GLU increased villus height to crypt depth ratio, number of goblet cells, and ileal gene expression of claudin family and occludin compared with CON, but decreased serum TNF-α and IL-6 and ileal gene expression of TNF-α. Moreover, pigs fed GLU had increased relative composition of bacterial communities of genus Prevotella and Anaerovibrio and decreased genus Clostridium and Terrisporobacter compared with those fed CON. This study suggests that dietary GLU influences growth performance and health of weaned pigs by modulating nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, ileal gene expression of tight junction proteins and cytokines, immune responses, and microbial community in the gut. MDPI 2021-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7919271/ /pubmed/33671988 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020504 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kyoung, Hyunjin Lee, Jeong Jae Cho, Jin Ho Choe, Jeehwan Kang, Joowon Lee, Hanbae Liu, Yanhong Kim, Younghoon Kim, Hyeun Bum Song, Minho Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs |
title | Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs |
title_full | Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs |
title_fullStr | Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs |
title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs |
title_short | Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs |
title_sort | dietary glutamic acid modulates immune responses and gut health of weaned pigs |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919271/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671988 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020504 |
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