Cargando…

Ice-Templated Cellulose Nanofiber Filaments as a Reinforcement Material in Epoxy Composites

Finding renewable alternatives to the commonly used reinforcement materials in composites is attracting a significant amount of research interest. Nanocellulose is a promising candidate owing to its wide availability and favorable properties such as high Young’s modulus. This study addressed the maj...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nissilä, Tuukka, Wei, Jiayuan, Geng, Shiyu, Teleman, Anita, Oksman, Kristiina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919639/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672079
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020490
_version_ 1783658162074681344
author Nissilä, Tuukka
Wei, Jiayuan
Geng, Shiyu
Teleman, Anita
Oksman, Kristiina
author_facet Nissilä, Tuukka
Wei, Jiayuan
Geng, Shiyu
Teleman, Anita
Oksman, Kristiina
author_sort Nissilä, Tuukka
collection PubMed
description Finding renewable alternatives to the commonly used reinforcement materials in composites is attracting a significant amount of research interest. Nanocellulose is a promising candidate owing to its wide availability and favorable properties such as high Young’s modulus. This study addressed the major problems inherent to cellulose nanocomposites, namely, controlling the fiber structure and obtaining a sufficient interfacial adhesion between nanocellulose and a non-hydrophilic matrix. Unidirectionally aligned cellulose nanofiber filament mats were obtained via ice-templating, and chemical vapor deposition was used to cover the filament surfaces with an aminosilane before impregnating the mats with a bio-epoxy resin. The process resulted in cellulose nanocomposites with an oriented structure and a strong fiber–matrix interface. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed the presence of silane on the filaments. The improved interface, resulting from the surface treatment, was observable in electron microscopy images and was further confirmed by the significant increase in the tan delta peak temperature. The storage modulus of the matrix could be improved up to 2.5-fold with 18 wt% filament content and was significantly higher in the filament direction. Wide-angle X-ray scattering was used to study the orientation of cellulose nanofibers in the filament mats and the composites, and the corresponding orientation indices were 0.6 and 0.53, respectively, indicating a significant level of alignment.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7919639
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-79196392021-03-02 Ice-Templated Cellulose Nanofiber Filaments as a Reinforcement Material in Epoxy Composites Nissilä, Tuukka Wei, Jiayuan Geng, Shiyu Teleman, Anita Oksman, Kristiina Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Finding renewable alternatives to the commonly used reinforcement materials in composites is attracting a significant amount of research interest. Nanocellulose is a promising candidate owing to its wide availability and favorable properties such as high Young’s modulus. This study addressed the major problems inherent to cellulose nanocomposites, namely, controlling the fiber structure and obtaining a sufficient interfacial adhesion between nanocellulose and a non-hydrophilic matrix. Unidirectionally aligned cellulose nanofiber filament mats were obtained via ice-templating, and chemical vapor deposition was used to cover the filament surfaces with an aminosilane before impregnating the mats with a bio-epoxy resin. The process resulted in cellulose nanocomposites with an oriented structure and a strong fiber–matrix interface. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed the presence of silane on the filaments. The improved interface, resulting from the surface treatment, was observable in electron microscopy images and was further confirmed by the significant increase in the tan delta peak temperature. The storage modulus of the matrix could be improved up to 2.5-fold with 18 wt% filament content and was significantly higher in the filament direction. Wide-angle X-ray scattering was used to study the orientation of cellulose nanofibers in the filament mats and the composites, and the corresponding orientation indices were 0.6 and 0.53, respectively, indicating a significant level of alignment. MDPI 2021-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7919639/ /pubmed/33672079 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020490 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nissilä, Tuukka
Wei, Jiayuan
Geng, Shiyu
Teleman, Anita
Oksman, Kristiina
Ice-Templated Cellulose Nanofiber Filaments as a Reinforcement Material in Epoxy Composites
title Ice-Templated Cellulose Nanofiber Filaments as a Reinforcement Material in Epoxy Composites
title_full Ice-Templated Cellulose Nanofiber Filaments as a Reinforcement Material in Epoxy Composites
title_fullStr Ice-Templated Cellulose Nanofiber Filaments as a Reinforcement Material in Epoxy Composites
title_full_unstemmed Ice-Templated Cellulose Nanofiber Filaments as a Reinforcement Material in Epoxy Composites
title_short Ice-Templated Cellulose Nanofiber Filaments as a Reinforcement Material in Epoxy Composites
title_sort ice-templated cellulose nanofiber filaments as a reinforcement material in epoxy composites
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919639/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33672079
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020490
work_keys_str_mv AT nissilatuukka icetemplatedcellulosenanofiberfilamentsasareinforcementmaterialinepoxycomposites
AT weijiayuan icetemplatedcellulosenanofiberfilamentsasareinforcementmaterialinepoxycomposites
AT gengshiyu icetemplatedcellulosenanofiberfilamentsasareinforcementmaterialinepoxycomposites
AT telemananita icetemplatedcellulosenanofiberfilamentsasareinforcementmaterialinepoxycomposites
AT oksmankristiina icetemplatedcellulosenanofiberfilamentsasareinforcementmaterialinepoxycomposites