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Invertebrate Models Untangle the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, afflicting ~10 million people worldwide. Although several genes linked to PD are currently identified, PD remains primarily an idiopathic disorder. Neuronal protein α-synuclein is a major player in disease progression of b...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7920059/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33669308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020407 |
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author | Surguchov, Andrei |
author_facet | Surguchov, Andrei |
author_sort | Surguchov, Andrei |
collection | PubMed |
description | Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, afflicting ~10 million people worldwide. Although several genes linked to PD are currently identified, PD remains primarily an idiopathic disorder. Neuronal protein α-synuclein is a major player in disease progression of both genetic and idiopathic forms of PD. However, it cannot alone explain underlying pathological processes. Recent studies demonstrate that many other risk factors can accelerate or further worsen brain dysfunction in PD patients. Several PD models, including non-mammalian eukaryotic organisms, have been developed to identify and characterize these factors. This review discusses recent findings in three PD model organisms, i.e., yeast, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans, that opened new mechanisms and identified novel contributors to this disorder. These non-mammalian models share many conserved molecular pathways and cellular processes with humans. New players affecting PD pathogenesis include previously unknown genes/proteins, novel signaling pathways, and low molecular weight substances. These findings might respond to the urgent need to discover novel drug targets for PD treatment and new biomarkers for early diagnostics of this disease. Since the study of neurodegeneration using simple eukaryotic organisms brought a huge amount of information, we include only the most recent or the most important relevant data. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7920059 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79200592021-03-02 Invertebrate Models Untangle the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease Surguchov, Andrei Cells Review Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, afflicting ~10 million people worldwide. Although several genes linked to PD are currently identified, PD remains primarily an idiopathic disorder. Neuronal protein α-synuclein is a major player in disease progression of both genetic and idiopathic forms of PD. However, it cannot alone explain underlying pathological processes. Recent studies demonstrate that many other risk factors can accelerate or further worsen brain dysfunction in PD patients. Several PD models, including non-mammalian eukaryotic organisms, have been developed to identify and characterize these factors. This review discusses recent findings in three PD model organisms, i.e., yeast, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans, that opened new mechanisms and identified novel contributors to this disorder. These non-mammalian models share many conserved molecular pathways and cellular processes with humans. New players affecting PD pathogenesis include previously unknown genes/proteins, novel signaling pathways, and low molecular weight substances. These findings might respond to the urgent need to discover novel drug targets for PD treatment and new biomarkers for early diagnostics of this disease. Since the study of neurodegeneration using simple eukaryotic organisms brought a huge amount of information, we include only the most recent or the most important relevant data. MDPI 2021-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7920059/ /pubmed/33669308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020407 Text en © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Surguchov, Andrei Invertebrate Models Untangle the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease |
title | Invertebrate Models Untangle the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease |
title_full | Invertebrate Models Untangle the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease |
title_fullStr | Invertebrate Models Untangle the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Invertebrate Models Untangle the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease |
title_short | Invertebrate Models Untangle the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease |
title_sort | invertebrate models untangle the mechanism of neurodegeneration in parkinson’s disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7920059/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33669308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020407 |
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