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When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota
In recent years, the role of human microbiota as a short- and long-term health promoter and modulator has been affirmed and progressively strengthened. In the course of one’s life, each subject is colonized by a great number of bacteria, which constitute its specific and individual microbiota. Human...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7920069/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33669262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020148 |
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author | Coscia, Alessandra Bardanzellu, Flaminia Caboni, Elisa Fanos, Vassilios Peroni, Diego Giampietro |
author_facet | Coscia, Alessandra Bardanzellu, Flaminia Caboni, Elisa Fanos, Vassilios Peroni, Diego Giampietro |
author_sort | Coscia, Alessandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | In recent years, the role of human microbiota as a short- and long-term health promoter and modulator has been affirmed and progressively strengthened. In the course of one’s life, each subject is colonized by a great number of bacteria, which constitute its specific and individual microbiota. Human bacterial colonization starts during fetal life, in opposition to the previous paradigm of the “sterile womb”. Placenta, amniotic fluid, cord blood and fetal tissues each have their own specific microbiota, influenced by maternal health and habits and having a decisive influence on pregnancy outcome and offspring outcome. The maternal microbiota, especially that colonizing the genital system, starts to influence the outcome of pregnancy already before conception, modulating fertility and the success rate of fertilization, even in the case of assisted reproduction techniques. During the perinatal period, neonatal microbiota seems influenced by delivery mode, drug administration and many other conditions. Special attention must be reserved for early neonatal nutrition, because breastfeeding allows the transmission of a specific and unique lactobiome able to modulate and positively affect the neonatal gut microbiota. Our narrative review aims to investigate the currently identified pre- and peri-natal factors influencing neonatal microbiota, before conception, during pregnancy, pre- and post-delivery, since the early microbiota influences the whole life of each subject. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7920069 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79200692021-03-02 When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota Coscia, Alessandra Bardanzellu, Flaminia Caboni, Elisa Fanos, Vassilios Peroni, Diego Giampietro Life (Basel) Review In recent years, the role of human microbiota as a short- and long-term health promoter and modulator has been affirmed and progressively strengthened. In the course of one’s life, each subject is colonized by a great number of bacteria, which constitute its specific and individual microbiota. Human bacterial colonization starts during fetal life, in opposition to the previous paradigm of the “sterile womb”. Placenta, amniotic fluid, cord blood and fetal tissues each have their own specific microbiota, influenced by maternal health and habits and having a decisive influence on pregnancy outcome and offspring outcome. The maternal microbiota, especially that colonizing the genital system, starts to influence the outcome of pregnancy already before conception, modulating fertility and the success rate of fertilization, even in the case of assisted reproduction techniques. During the perinatal period, neonatal microbiota seems influenced by delivery mode, drug administration and many other conditions. Special attention must be reserved for early neonatal nutrition, because breastfeeding allows the transmission of a specific and unique lactobiome able to modulate and positively affect the neonatal gut microbiota. Our narrative review aims to investigate the currently identified pre- and peri-natal factors influencing neonatal microbiota, before conception, during pregnancy, pre- and post-delivery, since the early microbiota influences the whole life of each subject. MDPI 2021-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7920069/ /pubmed/33669262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020148 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Coscia, Alessandra Bardanzellu, Flaminia Caboni, Elisa Fanos, Vassilios Peroni, Diego Giampietro When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota |
title | When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota |
title_full | When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota |
title_fullStr | When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota |
title_full_unstemmed | When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota |
title_short | When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota |
title_sort | when a neonate is born, so is a microbiota |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7920069/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33669262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020148 |
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