Multi-Modality Imaging Approach in a Challenging Case of Surgically Corrected Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return and Atrial Tachycardia Treated With Radiofrequency Ablation

Pulmonary anomalous venous return (PAPVR) is defined as a congenital anomaly in which at least one but not all of the pulmonary veins abnormally drain into a systemic vein or directly into the right atrium. Signs and symptoms related to this condition are due to the hemodynamic abnormalities secondary to left-to-right shunt and the possible presence of other associated cardiac anomalies (e.g., sinus venous atrial septal defect). Therefore, depending on the extent of the shunt, the clinical presentation of PAPVR is variable, ranging from asymptomatic patients to patients affected by severe heart failure with right-sided volume overload. PAPVR with a clinically significant shunt should be referred for surgical correction with different techniques depending on the presence of associated cardiac anomalies. We are presenting a case of partial anomalous venous return (PAPVR) in a 66-year-old man who underwent surgery 26 years ago to correct an anomalous venous connection between the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) and the superior vena cava (SVC) through a veno-atrial baffle. The patient was admitted to the emergency department due to atrial tachycardia. Trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed a dilated right ventricle (RV) with mild RV systolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) further confirmed the findings described by TTE and also demonstrated areas of fibrosis replacement in the hinge points. Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) was able to accurately depict and evaluate the surgically created veno-atrial baffle and also showed an anomalous connection between the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) and the brachiocephalic vein (BCV) through a vertical vein. The patient was successfully treated with radiofrequency ablation for his arrhythmia.