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A Systematic Review of Self-Report Instruments for the Measurement of Anxiety in Hospitalized Children with Cancer
Anxiety has been identified as one of the most severe and long-lasting symptoms experienced by hospitalized children with cancer. Self-reports are especially important for documenting emotional and abstract concepts, such as anxiety. Children may not always be able to communicate their symptoms due...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7920462/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33669455 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041911 |
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author | Mahakwe, Gomolemo Johnson, Ensa Karlsson, Katarina Nilsson, Stefan |
author_facet | Mahakwe, Gomolemo Johnson, Ensa Karlsson, Katarina Nilsson, Stefan |
author_sort | Mahakwe, Gomolemo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Anxiety has been identified as one of the most severe and long-lasting symptoms experienced by hospitalized children with cancer. Self-reports are especially important for documenting emotional and abstract concepts, such as anxiety. Children may not always be able to communicate their symptoms due to language difficulties, a lack of developmental language skills, or the severity of their illness. Instruments with sufficient psychometric quality and pictorial support may address this communication challenge. The purpose of this review was to systematically search the published literature and identify validated and reliable self-report instruments available for children aged 5–18 years to use in the assessment of their anxiety to ensure they receive appropriate anxiety-relief intervention in hospital. What validated self-report instruments can children with cancer use to self-report anxiety in the hospital setting? Which of these instruments offer pictorial support? Eight instruments were identified, but most of the instruments lacked pictorial support. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL™) 3.0 Brain Tumor Module and Cancer Module proved to be useful in hospitalized children with cancer, as they provide pictorial support. It is recommended that faces or symbols be used along with the VAS, as pictures are easily understood by younger children. Future studies could include the adaptation of existing instruments in digital e-health tools. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7920462 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79204622021-03-02 A Systematic Review of Self-Report Instruments for the Measurement of Anxiety in Hospitalized Children with Cancer Mahakwe, Gomolemo Johnson, Ensa Karlsson, Katarina Nilsson, Stefan Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Anxiety has been identified as one of the most severe and long-lasting symptoms experienced by hospitalized children with cancer. Self-reports are especially important for documenting emotional and abstract concepts, such as anxiety. Children may not always be able to communicate their symptoms due to language difficulties, a lack of developmental language skills, or the severity of their illness. Instruments with sufficient psychometric quality and pictorial support may address this communication challenge. The purpose of this review was to systematically search the published literature and identify validated and reliable self-report instruments available for children aged 5–18 years to use in the assessment of their anxiety to ensure they receive appropriate anxiety-relief intervention in hospital. What validated self-report instruments can children with cancer use to self-report anxiety in the hospital setting? Which of these instruments offer pictorial support? Eight instruments were identified, but most of the instruments lacked pictorial support. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL™) 3.0 Brain Tumor Module and Cancer Module proved to be useful in hospitalized children with cancer, as they provide pictorial support. It is recommended that faces or symbols be used along with the VAS, as pictures are easily understood by younger children. Future studies could include the adaptation of existing instruments in digital e-health tools. MDPI 2021-02-16 2021-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7920462/ /pubmed/33669455 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041911 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mahakwe, Gomolemo Johnson, Ensa Karlsson, Katarina Nilsson, Stefan A Systematic Review of Self-Report Instruments for the Measurement of Anxiety in Hospitalized Children with Cancer |
title | A Systematic Review of Self-Report Instruments for the Measurement of Anxiety in Hospitalized Children with Cancer |
title_full | A Systematic Review of Self-Report Instruments for the Measurement of Anxiety in Hospitalized Children with Cancer |
title_fullStr | A Systematic Review of Self-Report Instruments for the Measurement of Anxiety in Hospitalized Children with Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | A Systematic Review of Self-Report Instruments for the Measurement of Anxiety in Hospitalized Children with Cancer |
title_short | A Systematic Review of Self-Report Instruments for the Measurement of Anxiety in Hospitalized Children with Cancer |
title_sort | systematic review of self-report instruments for the measurement of anxiety in hospitalized children with cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7920462/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33669455 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041911 |
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