Serum Sp17 Autoantibody Serves as a Potential Specific Biomarker in Patients with SAPHO Syndrome

SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis) syndrome shows a wide variability in musculoskeletal and cutaneous manifestations, and it is therefore underrecognized and misdiagnosed in the clinic due to a lack of specific markers. In this study, we aimed to identify specific biomarkers by screening serum autoantibodies in SAPHO patients with a 17K human whole-proteome microarray. The serum anti-Sp17 autoantibody was identified and verified to be a specific biomarker in patients with SAPHO syndrome. Indeed, the level of the anti-Sp17 autoantibody was significantly increased in patients with active SAPHO compared to patients with an inactive disease and healthy controls (P < 0.05). Additionally, serum anti-Sp17 autoantibody levels correlated with those of serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and β-crosslaps (β-CTx) in patients with active SAPHO disease. Moreover, anti-Sp17 autoantibody levels were markedly decreased after anti-inflammatory treatment with pamidronate disodium, which downregulated levels of hsCRP and ESR in patients with active SAPHO. Thus, serum levels of the anti-Sp17 autoantibody might serve as a specific biomarker for the diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome or for monitoring the disease status. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-020-00937-w.