Highly Dispersed CeO(x) Hybrid Nanoparticles for Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Ionomer–Poly(tetrafluoethylene) Reinforced Membranes with Improved Service Life

CeO(x) hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized and evaluated for use as radical scavengers, in place of commercially available Ce(NO(3))(3) and CeO(2) nanoparticles, to avoid deterioration of the initial electrochemical performance and/or spontaneous aggregation/precipitation issues encountered in polymer electrolyte membranes. When CeO(x) hybrid nanoparticles were used for membrane formation, the resulting membranes exhibited improved proton conductivity (improvement level = 2–15% at 30–90 °C), and thereby electrochemical single cell performance, because the –OH groups on the hybrid nanoparticles acted as proton conductors. In spite of a small amount (i.e., 1.7 mg/cm(3)) of introduction, their antioxidant effect was sufficient enough to alleviate the radical-induced decomposition of perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer under a Fenton test condition and to extend the chemical durability of the resulting reinforced membranes under fuel cell operating conditions.