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Exosomes as Emerging Biomarker Tools in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders—A Proteomics Perspective

Exosomes are synthesized and secreted by different cell types and contain proteins, lipids, metabolites and RNA species that reflect the physiological status of the cell of origin. As such, exosomes are increasingly being used as a novel reservoir for disease biomarker discovery. However, isolation...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mathew, Boby, Mansuri, M. Shahid, Williams, Kenneth R., Nairn, Angus C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7922222/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33669482
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020258
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author Mathew, Boby
Mansuri, M. Shahid
Williams, Kenneth R.
Nairn, Angus C.
author_facet Mathew, Boby
Mansuri, M. Shahid
Williams, Kenneth R.
Nairn, Angus C.
author_sort Mathew, Boby
collection PubMed
description Exosomes are synthesized and secreted by different cell types and contain proteins, lipids, metabolites and RNA species that reflect the physiological status of the cell of origin. As such, exosomes are increasingly being used as a novel reservoir for disease biomarker discovery. However, isolation of exosomes can be challenging due to their nonuniformity of shape and variable tissue of origin. Moreover, various analytical techniques used for protein detection and quantitation remain insensitive to the low amounts of protein isolated from exosomes. Despite these challenges, techniques to improve proteomic yield and increase protein dynamic range continue to improve at a rapid rate. In this review, we highlight the importance of exosome proteomics in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders and the associated technical difficulties. Furthermore, current progress and technological advancements in exosome proteomics research are discussed with an emphasis on disease-associated protein biomarkers.
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spelling pubmed-79222222021-03-03 Exosomes as Emerging Biomarker Tools in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders—A Proteomics Perspective Mathew, Boby Mansuri, M. Shahid Williams, Kenneth R. Nairn, Angus C. Brain Sci Review Exosomes are synthesized and secreted by different cell types and contain proteins, lipids, metabolites and RNA species that reflect the physiological status of the cell of origin. As such, exosomes are increasingly being used as a novel reservoir for disease biomarker discovery. However, isolation of exosomes can be challenging due to their nonuniformity of shape and variable tissue of origin. Moreover, various analytical techniques used for protein detection and quantitation remain insensitive to the low amounts of protein isolated from exosomes. Despite these challenges, techniques to improve proteomic yield and increase protein dynamic range continue to improve at a rapid rate. In this review, we highlight the importance of exosome proteomics in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders and the associated technical difficulties. Furthermore, current progress and technological advancements in exosome proteomics research are discussed with an emphasis on disease-associated protein biomarkers. MDPI 2021-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7922222/ /pubmed/33669482 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020258 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Mathew, Boby
Mansuri, M. Shahid
Williams, Kenneth R.
Nairn, Angus C.
Exosomes as Emerging Biomarker Tools in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders—A Proteomics Perspective
title Exosomes as Emerging Biomarker Tools in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders—A Proteomics Perspective
title_full Exosomes as Emerging Biomarker Tools in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders—A Proteomics Perspective
title_fullStr Exosomes as Emerging Biomarker Tools in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders—A Proteomics Perspective
title_full_unstemmed Exosomes as Emerging Biomarker Tools in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders—A Proteomics Perspective
title_short Exosomes as Emerging Biomarker Tools in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders—A Proteomics Perspective
title_sort exosomes as emerging biomarker tools in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders—a proteomics perspective
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7922222/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33669482
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020258
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