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A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins
In 2016, the Bunyavirales order was established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) to incorporate the increasing number of related viruses across 13 viral families. While diverse, four of the families (Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Phenuiviridae) contain...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7922539/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020314 |
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author | Leventhal, Shanna S. Wilson, Drew Feldmann, Heinz Hawman, David W. |
author_facet | Leventhal, Shanna S. Wilson, Drew Feldmann, Heinz Hawman, David W. |
author_sort | Leventhal, Shanna S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | In 2016, the Bunyavirales order was established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) to incorporate the increasing number of related viruses across 13 viral families. While diverse, four of the families (Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Phenuiviridae) contain known human pathogens and share a similar tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genomic organization. In addition to the nucleoprotein and envelope glycoproteins encoded by the small and medium segments, respectively, many of the viruses in these families also encode for non-structural (NS) NSs and NSm proteins. The NSs of Phenuiviridae is the most extensively studied as a host interferon antagonist, functioning through a variety of mechanisms seen throughout the other three families. In addition, functions impacting cellular apoptosis, chromatin organization, and transcriptional activities, to name a few, are possessed by NSs across the families. Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, and Phenuiviridae also encode an NSm, although less extensively studied than NSs, that has roles in antagonizing immune responses, promoting viral assembly and infectivity, and even maintenance of infection in host mosquito vectors. Overall, the similar and divergent roles of NS proteins of these human pathogenic Bunyavirales are of particular interest in understanding disease progression, viral pathogenesis, and developing strategies for interventions and treatments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7922539 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79225392021-03-03 A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins Leventhal, Shanna S. Wilson, Drew Feldmann, Heinz Hawman, David W. Viruses Review In 2016, the Bunyavirales order was established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) to incorporate the increasing number of related viruses across 13 viral families. While diverse, four of the families (Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Phenuiviridae) contain known human pathogens and share a similar tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genomic organization. In addition to the nucleoprotein and envelope glycoproteins encoded by the small and medium segments, respectively, many of the viruses in these families also encode for non-structural (NS) NSs and NSm proteins. The NSs of Phenuiviridae is the most extensively studied as a host interferon antagonist, functioning through a variety of mechanisms seen throughout the other three families. In addition, functions impacting cellular apoptosis, chromatin organization, and transcriptional activities, to name a few, are possessed by NSs across the families. Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, and Phenuiviridae also encode an NSm, although less extensively studied than NSs, that has roles in antagonizing immune responses, promoting viral assembly and infectivity, and even maintenance of infection in host mosquito vectors. Overall, the similar and divergent roles of NS proteins of these human pathogenic Bunyavirales are of particular interest in understanding disease progression, viral pathogenesis, and developing strategies for interventions and treatments. MDPI 2021-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7922539/ /pubmed/33670641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020314 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Leventhal, Shanna S. Wilson, Drew Feldmann, Heinz Hawman, David W. A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins |
title | A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins |
title_full | A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins |
title_fullStr | A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins |
title_full_unstemmed | A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins |
title_short | A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins |
title_sort | look into bunyavirales genomes: functions of non-structural (ns) proteins |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7922539/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020314 |
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