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Proteomic Analysis of ISGylation in Immortalized Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Lines Induced by Type I Interferon
Interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like molecule, can be conjugated to protein substrates through a reversible process known as ISGylation. ISG15 and ISGylation are both strongly upregulated by type I interferons and play putative key roles in host innate immunity against vir...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7922875/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020164 |
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author | Zhu, Chengbo Li, Jingrui Tian, Chaonan Qin, Mengmeng Wang, Zhenni Shi, Bingjun Qu, Guanggang Wu, Chunyan Nan, Yuchen |
author_facet | Zhu, Chengbo Li, Jingrui Tian, Chaonan Qin, Mengmeng Wang, Zhenni Shi, Bingjun Qu, Guanggang Wu, Chunyan Nan, Yuchen |
author_sort | Zhu, Chengbo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like molecule, can be conjugated to protein substrates through a reversible process known as ISGylation. ISG15 and ISGylation are both strongly upregulated by type I interferons and play putative key roles in host innate immunity against viral infection. However, the function of ISGylation and identities of ISGylation substrates are largely unknown. Here, a novel monoclonal antibody (Mab) that specifically recognizes porcine ISG15 (pISG15) was employed to capture ISG15-conjugated proteins from IFNs-stimulated porcine cell lysates. Next, Mab-captured conjugates were analyzed using proteomics-based tools to identify potential ISGylation protein targets in order to elucidate the roles of ISG15 and ISGylation in porcine cells. Subsequently, 190 putative ISGylation sites were detected within 98 identified ISGylation candidates; several candidates contained more than one ISGylation-modifiable lysine residue, including pISG15 itself. Motif enrichment analysis of confirmed ISGylation sites demonstrated a moderate bias towards certain sites with specific upstream amino acid residues. Meanwhile, results of Gene Ontology (GO)-based annotation and functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of porcine ISG15-conjugated substrate proteins indicated that these substrates were mainly associated with the host metabolism, especially nucleotide metabolic pathways that ultimately may participate in cellular antiviral defenses. Notably, several ISGs (MX1, IFIT1, OAS1, ISG15 and putative ISG15 E3 ligase Herc6) were also identified as putative ISGylation substrates within a regulatory loop involving ISGylation of ISGs themselves. Taken together, proteomics analysis of porcine ISGylation substrates revealed putative functional roles of ISG15 and novel host ISGylation targets that may ultimately be involved in cellular antiviral responses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7922875 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79228752021-03-03 Proteomic Analysis of ISGylation in Immortalized Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Lines Induced by Type I Interferon Zhu, Chengbo Li, Jingrui Tian, Chaonan Qin, Mengmeng Wang, Zhenni Shi, Bingjun Qu, Guanggang Wu, Chunyan Nan, Yuchen Vaccines (Basel) Article Interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like molecule, can be conjugated to protein substrates through a reversible process known as ISGylation. ISG15 and ISGylation are both strongly upregulated by type I interferons and play putative key roles in host innate immunity against viral infection. However, the function of ISGylation and identities of ISGylation substrates are largely unknown. Here, a novel monoclonal antibody (Mab) that specifically recognizes porcine ISG15 (pISG15) was employed to capture ISG15-conjugated proteins from IFNs-stimulated porcine cell lysates. Next, Mab-captured conjugates were analyzed using proteomics-based tools to identify potential ISGylation protein targets in order to elucidate the roles of ISG15 and ISGylation in porcine cells. Subsequently, 190 putative ISGylation sites were detected within 98 identified ISGylation candidates; several candidates contained more than one ISGylation-modifiable lysine residue, including pISG15 itself. Motif enrichment analysis of confirmed ISGylation sites demonstrated a moderate bias towards certain sites with specific upstream amino acid residues. Meanwhile, results of Gene Ontology (GO)-based annotation and functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of porcine ISG15-conjugated substrate proteins indicated that these substrates were mainly associated with the host metabolism, especially nucleotide metabolic pathways that ultimately may participate in cellular antiviral defenses. Notably, several ISGs (MX1, IFIT1, OAS1, ISG15 and putative ISG15 E3 ligase Herc6) were also identified as putative ISGylation substrates within a regulatory loop involving ISGylation of ISGs themselves. Taken together, proteomics analysis of porcine ISGylation substrates revealed putative functional roles of ISG15 and novel host ISGylation targets that may ultimately be involved in cellular antiviral responses. MDPI 2021-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7922875/ /pubmed/33671165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020164 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhu, Chengbo Li, Jingrui Tian, Chaonan Qin, Mengmeng Wang, Zhenni Shi, Bingjun Qu, Guanggang Wu, Chunyan Nan, Yuchen Proteomic Analysis of ISGylation in Immortalized Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Lines Induced by Type I Interferon |
title | Proteomic Analysis of ISGylation in Immortalized Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Lines Induced by Type I Interferon |
title_full | Proteomic Analysis of ISGylation in Immortalized Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Lines Induced by Type I Interferon |
title_fullStr | Proteomic Analysis of ISGylation in Immortalized Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Lines Induced by Type I Interferon |
title_full_unstemmed | Proteomic Analysis of ISGylation in Immortalized Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Lines Induced by Type I Interferon |
title_short | Proteomic Analysis of ISGylation in Immortalized Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Lines Induced by Type I Interferon |
title_sort | proteomic analysis of isgylation in immortalized porcine alveolar macrophage cell lines induced by type i interferon |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7922875/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33671165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020164 |
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