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Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review
This paper surveys the existing scientific literature on metals concentrations in meconium. We examine some 32 papers that analyzed meconium for aluminum, arsenic, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, lead, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus,...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7922990/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041975 |
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author | Michelsen-Correa, Stephani Martin, Clyde F. Kirk, Andrea B. |
author_facet | Michelsen-Correa, Stephani Martin, Clyde F. Kirk, Andrea B. |
author_sort | Michelsen-Correa, Stephani |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper surveys the existing scientific literature on metals concentrations in meconium. We examine some 32 papers that analyzed meconium for aluminum, arsenic, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, lead, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Because of the lack of detail in the statistics it is not possible to do a rigorous meta-analysis. What stands out is that almost every study had subjects with seemingly large amounts of at least one of the metals. The significance of metals in meconium is not clear beyond an indication of exposure although some studies have correlated metals in meconium to a number of adverse outcomes. A number of outstanding questions have been identified that, if resolved, would greatly increase the utility of meconium analysis for assessment of long-term gestational metals exposures. Among these are questions of the developmental and long-term significance of metals detected in meconium, the kinetics and interactions among metals in maternal and fetal compartments and questions on best methods for meconium analyses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7922990 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79229902021-03-03 Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review Michelsen-Correa, Stephani Martin, Clyde F. Kirk, Andrea B. Int J Environ Res Public Health Review This paper surveys the existing scientific literature on metals concentrations in meconium. We examine some 32 papers that analyzed meconium for aluminum, arsenic, barium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, lead, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Because of the lack of detail in the statistics it is not possible to do a rigorous meta-analysis. What stands out is that almost every study had subjects with seemingly large amounts of at least one of the metals. The significance of metals in meconium is not clear beyond an indication of exposure although some studies have correlated metals in meconium to a number of adverse outcomes. A number of outstanding questions have been identified that, if resolved, would greatly increase the utility of meconium analysis for assessment of long-term gestational metals exposures. Among these are questions of the developmental and long-term significance of metals detected in meconium, the kinetics and interactions among metals in maternal and fetal compartments and questions on best methods for meconium analyses. MDPI 2021-02-18 2021-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7922990/ /pubmed/33670707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041975 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Michelsen-Correa, Stephani Martin, Clyde F. Kirk, Andrea B. Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review |
title | Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review |
title_full | Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review |
title_short | Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review |
title_sort | evaluation of fetal exposures to metals and metalloids through meconium analyses: a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7922990/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041975 |
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