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Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity

COVID-19 transmits by droplets generated from surfaces of airway mucus during processes of respiration within hosts infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. We studied respiratory droplet generation and exhalation in human and nonhuman primate subjects with and...

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Autores principales: Edwards, David A., Ausiello, Dennis, Salzman, Jonathan, Devlin, Tom, Langer, Robert, Beddingfield, Brandon J., Fears, Alyssa C., Doyle-Meyers, Lara A., Redmann, Rachel K., Killeen, Stephanie Z., Maness, Nicholas J., Roy, Chad J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7923364/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33563754
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021830118
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author Edwards, David A.
Ausiello, Dennis
Salzman, Jonathan
Devlin, Tom
Langer, Robert
Beddingfield, Brandon J.
Fears, Alyssa C.
Doyle-Meyers, Lara A.
Redmann, Rachel K.
Killeen, Stephanie Z.
Maness, Nicholas J.
Roy, Chad J.
author_facet Edwards, David A.
Ausiello, Dennis
Salzman, Jonathan
Devlin, Tom
Langer, Robert
Beddingfield, Brandon J.
Fears, Alyssa C.
Doyle-Meyers, Lara A.
Redmann, Rachel K.
Killeen, Stephanie Z.
Maness, Nicholas J.
Roy, Chad J.
author_sort Edwards, David A.
collection PubMed
description COVID-19 transmits by droplets generated from surfaces of airway mucus during processes of respiration within hosts infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. We studied respiratory droplet generation and exhalation in human and nonhuman primate subjects with and without COVID-19 infection to explore whether SARS-CoV-2 infection, and other changes in physiological state, translate into observable evolution of numbers and sizes of exhaled respiratory droplets in healthy and diseased subjects. In our observational cohort study of the exhaled breath particles of 194 healthy human subjects, and in our experimental infection study of eight nonhuman primates infected, by aerosol, with SARS-CoV-2, we found that exhaled aerosol particles vary between subjects by three orders of magnitude, with exhaled respiratory droplet number increasing with degree of COVID-19 infection and elevated BMI-years. We observed that 18% of human subjects (35) accounted for 80% of the exhaled bioaerosol of the group (194), reflecting a superspreader distribution of bioaerosol analogous to a classical 20:80 superspreader of infection distribution. These findings suggest that quantitative assessment and control of exhaled aerosol may be critical to slowing the airborne spread of COVID-19 in the absence of an effective and widely disseminated vaccine.
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spelling pubmed-79233642021-03-10 Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity Edwards, David A. Ausiello, Dennis Salzman, Jonathan Devlin, Tom Langer, Robert Beddingfield, Brandon J. Fears, Alyssa C. Doyle-Meyers, Lara A. Redmann, Rachel K. Killeen, Stephanie Z. Maness, Nicholas J. Roy, Chad J. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences COVID-19 transmits by droplets generated from surfaces of airway mucus during processes of respiration within hosts infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. We studied respiratory droplet generation and exhalation in human and nonhuman primate subjects with and without COVID-19 infection to explore whether SARS-CoV-2 infection, and other changes in physiological state, translate into observable evolution of numbers and sizes of exhaled respiratory droplets in healthy and diseased subjects. In our observational cohort study of the exhaled breath particles of 194 healthy human subjects, and in our experimental infection study of eight nonhuman primates infected, by aerosol, with SARS-CoV-2, we found that exhaled aerosol particles vary between subjects by three orders of magnitude, with exhaled respiratory droplet number increasing with degree of COVID-19 infection and elevated BMI-years. We observed that 18% of human subjects (35) accounted for 80% of the exhaled bioaerosol of the group (194), reflecting a superspreader distribution of bioaerosol analogous to a classical 20:80 superspreader of infection distribution. These findings suggest that quantitative assessment and control of exhaled aerosol may be critical to slowing the airborne spread of COVID-19 in the absence of an effective and widely disseminated vaccine. National Academy of Sciences 2021-02-23 2021-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7923364/ /pubmed/33563754 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021830118 Text en Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Biological Sciences
Edwards, David A.
Ausiello, Dennis
Salzman, Jonathan
Devlin, Tom
Langer, Robert
Beddingfield, Brandon J.
Fears, Alyssa C.
Doyle-Meyers, Lara A.
Redmann, Rachel K.
Killeen, Stephanie Z.
Maness, Nicholas J.
Roy, Chad J.
Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity
title Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity
title_full Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity
title_fullStr Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity
title_full_unstemmed Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity
title_short Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity
title_sort exhaled aerosol increases with covid-19 infection, age, and obesity
topic Biological Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7923364/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33563754
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021830118
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