FLT3-ITD Mutation and FLT3 Ligand Plasma Level Were Not Associated with One-Year Survival of Indonesian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association of FLT3-ITD mutation and FLT3 ligand plasma level with one-year survival of Indonesian acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted to determine the association between FLT-3-ITD mutation and FLT3 ligand plasma level with one-year survival of Indonesian AML patients. In the study, a total of 51 AML patients were obtained from two tertiary hospitals in Indonesia from year 2018 to 2020. Inclusion criteria were de novo AML male and female patients aged ≥18 years old. Exclusion criteria were prior myelodysplastic syndrome and patients that refused to participate in the study. FLT3-ITD genotype of patients was then analyzed using PCR method while FLT3 ligand plasma level was measured using ELISA method. Patients were then followed-up for 1 year or until death occurred with survival as the measured outcome. Association between independent and dependent variable were analyzed by cox regression proportional hazard. RESULTS: Eleven patients (21.5%) in this study had FLT3-ITD mutation. The median age of AML patients was 45 (18–71) years, and the median blast percentage was 50% (5–87%). After one-year follow-up, 33 (64.7%) patients had died. The median survival of AML patients was 6 months. Univariate analysis showed no association between FLT3-ITD mutation status (HR: 1.051 ; 95% CI: 0.483–2.286; P: 0.901) and FLT3 ligand plasma level (HR: 0.798; 95% CI: 0.347–1.837; p= 0.596), and age (HR: 1.283; 95% CI: 0.575–2.862; p= 0.542) with one-year survival of AML patients, but multivariate analysis showed association between GFR with one-year survival of AML patients in this cohort (HR: 4.053; 95% CI: 1.469–11.183; p= 0.007). CONCLUSION: One-year survival of AML patients in Indonesia is not affected by FLT3-ITD mutation and FLT3 ligand plasma level. However, GFR showed association with one-year survival of AML patient in this cohort study.